Merge branch 'master' into ssz-fuzzing

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/beacon_chain.rs

@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ where
         self.fork_choice.write().add_attestation(
             free_attestation.validator_index,
             &free_attestation.data.beacon_block_root,
+            &self.spec,
         )?;
         Ok(aggregation_outcome)
     }
@@ -486,7 +487,9 @@ where
         self.state_store.put(&state_root, &ssz_encode(&state)[..])?;
 
         // run the fork_choice add_block logic
-        self.fork_choice.write().add_block(&block, &block_root)?;
+        self.fork_choice
+            .write()
+            .add_block(&block, &block_root, &self.spec)?;
 
         // If the parent block was the parent_block, automatically update the canonical head.
         //
@@ -575,7 +578,10 @@ where
     pub fn fork_choice(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let present_head = self.finalized_head().beacon_block_root;
 
-        let new_head = self.fork_choice.write().find_head(&present_head)?;
+        let new_head = self
+            .fork_choice
+            .write()
+            .find_head(&present_head, &self.spec)?;
 
         if new_head != present_head {
             let block = self

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ mod checkpoint;
 
 pub use self::beacon_chain::{BeaconChain, Error};
 pub use self::checkpoint::CheckPoint;
-pub use fork_choice::{ForkChoice, ForkChoiceAlgorithms, ForkChoiceError};
+pub use fork_choice::{ForkChoice, ForkChoiceAlgorithm, ForkChoiceError};

beacon_node/beacon_chain/test_harness/src/beacon_chain_harness.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use db::{
     stores::{BeaconBlockStore, BeaconStateStore},
     MemoryDB,
 };
-use fork_choice::OptimisedLMDGhost;
+use fork_choice::BitwiseLMDGhost;
 use log::debug;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use slot_clock::TestingSlotClock;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use types::{
 /// is not useful for testing that multiple beacon nodes can reach consensus.
 pub struct BeaconChainHarness {
     pub db: Arc<MemoryDB>,
-    pub beacon_chain: Arc<BeaconChain<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
+    pub beacon_chain: Arc<BeaconChain<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
     pub block_store: Arc<BeaconBlockStore<MemoryDB>>,
     pub state_store: Arc<BeaconStateStore<MemoryDB>>,
     pub validators: Vec<ValidatorHarness>,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl BeaconChainHarness {
         let state_store = Arc::new(BeaconStateStore::new(db.clone()));
         let genesis_time = 1_549_935_547; // 12th Feb 2018 (arbitrary value in the past).
         let slot_clock = TestingSlotClock::new(spec.genesis_slot.as_u64());
-        let fork_choice = OptimisedLMDGhost::new(block_store.clone(), state_store.clone());
+        let fork_choice = BitwiseLMDGhost::new(block_store.clone(), state_store.clone());
         let latest_eth1_data = Eth1Data {
             deposit_root: Hash256::zero(),
             block_hash: Hash256::zero(),

beacon_node/beacon_chain/test_harness/src/validator_harness/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use block_proposer::{BlockProducer, Error as BlockPollError};
 use db::MemoryDB;
 use direct_beacon_node::DirectBeaconNode;
 use direct_duties::DirectDuties;
-use fork_choice::OptimisedLMDGhost;
+use fork_choice::BitwiseLMDGhost;
 use local_signer::LocalSigner;
 use slot_clock::TestingSlotClock;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -36,20 +36,20 @@ pub enum AttestationProduceError {
 pub struct ValidatorHarness {
     pub block_producer: BlockProducer<
         TestingSlotClock,
-        DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
+        DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
-        DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
+        DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
         LocalSigner,
     >,
     pub attester: Attester<
         TestingSlotClock,
-        DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
+        DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
-        DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
+        DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>,
         LocalSigner,
     >,
     pub spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
-    pub epoch_map: Arc<DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
+    pub epoch_map: Arc<DirectDuties<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
     pub keypair: Keypair,
-    pub beacon_node: Arc<DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
+    pub beacon_node: Arc<DirectBeaconNode<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
     pub slot_clock: Arc<TestingSlotClock>,
     pub signer: Arc<LocalSigner>,
 }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl ValidatorHarness {
     /// A `BlockProducer` and `Attester` is created..
     pub fn new(
         keypair: Keypair,
-        beacon_chain: Arc<BeaconChain<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, OptimisedLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
+        beacon_chain: Arc<BeaconChain<MemoryDB, TestingSlotClock, BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryDB>>>,
         spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
     ) -> Self {
         let slot_clock = Arc::new(TestingSlotClock::new(spec.genesis_slot.as_u64()));

beacon_node/src/main.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use db::{
     stores::{BeaconBlockStore, BeaconStateStore},
     MemoryDB,
 };
-use fork_choice::optimised_lmd_ghost::OptimisedLMDGhost;
+use fork_choice::BitwiseLMDGhost;
 use slog::{error, info, o, Drain};
 use slot_clock::SystemTimeSlotClock;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn main() {
     let slot_clock = SystemTimeSlotClock::new(genesis_time, spec.slot_duration)
         .expect("Unable to load SystemTimeSlotClock");
     // Choose the fork choice
-    let fork_choice = OptimisedLMDGhost::new(block_store.clone(), state_store.clone());
+    let fork_choice = BitwiseLMDGhost::new(block_store.clone(), state_store.clone());
 
     /*
      * Generate some random data to start a chain with.

eth2/fork_choice/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ db = { path = "../../beacon_node/db" }
 ssz = { path = "../utils/ssz" }
 types = { path = "../types" }
 fast-math = "0.1.1"
-byteorder = "1.3.1"
+log = "0.4.6"
+bit-vec = "0.5.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+hex = "0.3.2"
 yaml-rust = "0.4.2"
 bls = { path = "../utils/bls" }
 slot_clock = { path = "../utils/slot_clock" }
 beacon_chain = { path = "../../beacon_node/beacon_chain" }
+env_logger = "0.6.0"

eth2/fork_choice/src/bitwise_lmd_ghost.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,25 @@
-// Copyright 2019 Sigma Prime Pty Ltd.
+extern crate bit_vec;
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate fast_math;
+
 use crate::{ForkChoice, ForkChoiceError};
-use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder};
+use bit_vec::BitVec;
 use db::{
     stores::{BeaconBlockStore, BeaconStateStore},
     ClientDB,
 };
 use fast_math::log2_raw;
+use log::{debug, trace};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use types::{
     readers::BeaconBlockReader, validator_registry::get_active_validator_indices, BeaconBlock,
-    Hash256, Slot, SlotHeight,
+    ChainSpec, Hash256, Slot, SlotHeight,
 };
 
 //TODO: Pruning - Children
 //TODO: Handle Syncing
 
-//TODO: Sort out global constants
+/// The optimised bitwise LMD-GHOST fork choice rule.
-const GENESIS_SLOT: u64 = 0;
-const FORK_CHOICE_BALANCE_INCREMENT: u64 = 1e9 as u64;
-const MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: u64 = 32e9 as u64;
-const EPOCH_LENGTH: u64 = 64;
-
-/// The optimised LMD-GHOST fork choice rule.
 /// NOTE: This uses u32 to represent difference between block heights. Thus this is only
 /// applicable for block height differences in the range of a u32.
 /// This can potentially be parallelized in some parts.
@@ -51,6 +27,13 @@ const EPOCH_LENGTH: u64 = 64;
 // the comparison. Log2_raw takes 2ns according to the documentation.
 #[inline]
 fn log2_int(x: u32) -> u32 {
+    if x == 0 {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    assert!(
+        x <= std::f32::MAX as u32,
+        "Height too large for fast log in bitwise fork choice"
+    );
     log2_raw(x as f32) as u32
 }
 
@@ -58,8 +41,8 @@ fn power_of_2_below(x: u32) -> u32 {
     2u32.pow(log2_int(x))
 }
 
-/// Stores the necessary data structures to run the optimised lmd ghost algorithm.
+/// Stores the necessary data structures to run the optimised bitwise lmd ghost algorithm.
-pub struct OptimisedLMDGhost<T: ClientDB + Sized> {
+pub struct BitwiseLMDGhost<T: ClientDB + Sized> {
     /// A cache of known ancestors at given heights for a specific block.
     //TODO: Consider FnvHashMap
     cache: HashMap<CacheKey<u32>, Hash256>,
@@ -78,7 +61,7 @@ pub struct OptimisedLMDGhost<T: ClientDB + Sized> {
     max_known_height: SlotHeight,
 }
 
-impl<T> OptimisedLMDGhost<T>
+impl<T> BitwiseLMDGhost<T>
 where
     T: ClientDB + Sized,
 {
@@ -86,7 +69,7 @@ where
         block_store: Arc<BeaconBlockStore<T>>,
         state_store: Arc<BeaconStateStore<T>>,
     ) -> Self {
-        OptimisedLMDGhost {
+        BitwiseLMDGhost {
             cache: HashMap::new(),
             ancestors: vec![HashMap::new(); 16],
             latest_attestation_targets: HashMap::new(),
@@ -103,6 +86,7 @@ where
         &self,
         state_root: &Hash256,
         block_slot: Slot,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<Hash256, u64>, ForkChoiceError> {
         // get latest votes
         // Note: Votes are weighted by min(balance, MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT) //
@@ -117,25 +101,31 @@ where
 
         let active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(
             &current_state.validator_registry[..],
-            block_slot.epoch(EPOCH_LENGTH),
+            block_slot.epoch(spec.epoch_length),
         );
 
         for index in active_validator_indices {
-            let balance =
+            let balance = std::cmp::min(
-                std::cmp::min(current_state.validator_balances[index], MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT)
+                current_state.validator_balances[index],
-                    / FORK_CHOICE_BALANCE_INCREMENT;
+                spec.max_deposit_amount,
+            ) / spec.fork_choice_balance_increment;
             if balance > 0 {
                 if let Some(target) = self.latest_attestation_targets.get(&(index as u64)) {
                     *latest_votes.entry(*target).or_insert_with(|| 0) += balance;
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        trace!("Latest votes: {:?}", latest_votes);
         Ok(latest_votes)
     }
 
     /// Gets the ancestor at a given height `at_height` of a block specified by `block_hash`.
-    fn get_ancestor(&mut self, block_hash: Hash256, at_height: SlotHeight) -> Option<Hash256> {
+    fn get_ancestor(
+        &mut self,
+        block_hash: Hash256,
+        target_height: SlotHeight,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
+    ) -> Option<Hash256> {
         // return None if we can't get the block from the db.
         let block_height = {
             let block_slot = self
@@ -145,32 +135,31 @@ where
                 .expect("Should have returned already if None")
                 .slot;
 
-            block_slot.height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT))
+            block_slot.height(spec.genesis_slot)
         };
 
         // verify we haven't exceeded the block height
-        if at_height >= block_height {
+        if target_height >= block_height {
-            if at_height > block_height {
+            if target_height > block_height {
                 return None;
             } else {
                 return Some(block_hash);
             }
         }
         // check if the result is stored in our cache
-        let cache_key = CacheKey::new(&block_hash, at_height.as_u32());
+        let cache_key = CacheKey::new(&block_hash, target_height.as_u32());
         if let Some(ancestor) = self.cache.get(&cache_key) {
             return Some(*ancestor);
         }
 
         // not in the cache recursively search for ancestors using a log-lookup
-
         if let Some(ancestor) = {
             let ancestor_lookup = self.ancestors
-                [log2_int((block_height - at_height - 1u64).as_u32()) as usize]
+                [log2_int((block_height - target_height - 1u64).as_u32()) as usize]
                 .get(&block_hash)
                 //TODO: Panic if we can't lookup and fork choice fails
                 .expect("All blocks should be added to the ancestor log lookup table");
-            self.get_ancestor(*ancestor_lookup, at_height)
+            self.get_ancestor(*ancestor_lookup, target_height, &spec)
         } {
             // add the result to the cache
             self.cache.insert(cache_key, ancestor);
@@ -185,15 +174,17 @@ where
         &mut self,
         latest_votes: &HashMap<Hash256, u64>,
         block_height: SlotHeight,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Option<Hash256> {
         // map of vote counts for every hash at this height
         let mut current_votes: HashMap<Hash256, u64> = HashMap::new();
         let mut total_vote_count = 0;
 
+        trace!("Clear winner at block height: {}", block_height);
         // loop through the latest votes and count all votes
         // these have already been weighted by balance
         for (hash, votes) in latest_votes.iter() {
-            if let Some(ancestor) = self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height) {
+            if let Some(ancestor) = self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height, spec) {
                 let current_vote_value = current_votes.get(&ancestor).unwrap_or_else(|| &0);
                 current_votes.insert(ancestor, current_vote_value + *votes);
                 total_vote_count += votes;
@@ -210,54 +201,62 @@ where
         None
     }
 
-    // Finds the best child, splitting children into a binary tree, based on their hashes
+    // Finds the best child, splitting children into a binary tree, based on their hashes (Bitwise
+    // LMD Ghost)
     fn choose_best_child(&self, votes: &HashMap<Hash256, u64>) -> Option<Hash256> {
-        let mut bitmask = 0;
+        if votes.is_empty() {
-        for bit in (0..=255).rev() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut bitmask: BitVec = BitVec::new();
+        // loop through all bits
+        for bit in 0..=256 {
             let mut zero_votes = 0;
             let mut one_votes = 0;
-            let mut single_candidate = None;
+            let mut single_candidate = (None, false);
 
+            trace!("Child vote length: {}", votes.len());
             for (candidate, votes) in votes.iter() {
-                let candidate_uint = BigEndian::read_u32(candidate);
+                let candidate_bit: BitVec = BitVec::from_bytes(&candidate);
-                if candidate_uint >> (bit + 1) != bitmask {
+
+                // if the bitmasks don't match, exclude candidate
+                if !bitmask.iter().eq(candidate_bit.iter().take(bit)) {
+                    trace!(
+                        "Child: {} was removed in bit: {} with the bitmask: {:?}",
+                        candidate,
+                        bit,
+                        bitmask
+                    );
                     continue;
                 }
-                if (candidate_uint >> bit) % 2 == 0 {
+                if candidate_bit.get(bit) == Some(false) {
                     zero_votes += votes;
                 } else {
                     one_votes += votes;
                 }
 
-                if single_candidate.is_none() {
+                if single_candidate.0.is_none() {
-                    single_candidate = Some(candidate);
+                    single_candidate.0 = Some(candidate);
+                    single_candidate.1 = true;
                 } else {
-                    single_candidate = None;
+                    single_candidate.1 = false;
                 }
             }
-            bitmask = (bitmask * 2) + {
+            bitmask.push(one_votes > zero_votes);
-                if one_votes > zero_votes {
+            if single_candidate.1 {
-                    1
+                return Some(*single_candidate.0.expect("Cannot reach this"));
-                } else {
-                    0
-                }
-            };
-            if let Some(candidate) = single_candidate {
-                return Some(*candidate);
             }
-            //TODO Remove this during benchmark after testing
-            assert!(bit >= 1);
         }
         // should never reach here
         None
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
+impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for BitwiseLMDGhost<T> {
     fn add_block(
         &mut self,
         block: &BeaconBlock,
         block_hash: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // get the height of the parent
         let parent_height = self
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
             .get_deserialized(&block.parent_root)?
             .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(block.parent_root))?
             .slot()
-            .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+            .height(spec.genesis_slot);
 
         let parent_hash = &block.parent_root;
 
@@ -295,22 +294,29 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
         &mut self,
         validator_index: u64,
         target_block_root: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // simply add the attestation to the latest_attestation_target if the block_height is
         // larger
+        trace!(
+            "Adding attestation of validator: {:?} for block: {}",
+            validator_index,
+            target_block_root
+        );
         let attestation_target = self
             .latest_attestation_targets
             .entry(validator_index)
             .or_insert_with(|| *target_block_root);
         // if we already have a value
         if attestation_target != target_block_root {
+            trace!("Old attestation found: {:?}", attestation_target);
             // get the height of the target block
             let block_height = self
                 .block_store
                 .get_deserialized(&target_block_root)?
                 .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*target_block_root))?
                 .slot()
-                .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+                .height(spec.genesis_slot);
 
             // get the height of the past target block
             let past_block_height = self
@@ -318,9 +324,10 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
                 .get_deserialized(&attestation_target)?
                 .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*attestation_target))?
                 .slot()
-                .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+                .height(spec.genesis_slot);
             // update the attestation only if the new target is higher
             if past_block_height < block_height {
+                trace!("Updating old attestation");
                 *attestation_target = *target_block_root;
             }
         }
@@ -328,25 +335,39 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
     }
 
     /// Perform lmd_ghost on the current chain to find the head.
-    fn find_head(&mut self, justified_block_start: &Hash256) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
+    fn find_head(
+        &mut self,
+        justified_block_start: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
+    ) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
+        debug!(
+            "Starting optimised fork choice at block: {}",
+            justified_block_start
+        );
         let block = self
             .block_store
             .get_deserialized(&justified_block_start)?
             .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*justified_block_start))?;
 
         let block_slot = block.slot();
-        let block_height = block_slot.height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
         let state_root = block.state_root();
+        let mut block_height = block_slot.height(spec.genesis_slot);
 
         let mut current_head = *justified_block_start;
 
-        let mut latest_votes = self.get_latest_votes(&state_root, block_slot)?;
+        let mut latest_votes = self.get_latest_votes(&state_root, block_slot, spec)?;
 
         // remove any votes that don't relate to our current head.
-        latest_votes.retain(|hash, _| self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height) == Some(current_head));
+        latest_votes
+            .retain(|hash, _| self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height, spec) == Some(current_head));
 
         // begin searching for the head
         loop {
+            debug!(
+                "Iteration for block: {} with vote length: {}",
+                current_head,
+                latest_votes.len()
+            );
             // if there are no children, we are done, return the current_head
             let children = match self.children.get(&current_head) {
                 Some(children) => children.clone(),
@@ -358,9 +379,11 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
             let mut step =
                 power_of_2_below(self.max_known_height.saturating_sub(block_height).as_u32()) / 2;
             while step > 0 {
+                trace!("Current Step: {}", step);
                 if let Some(clear_winner) = self.get_clear_winner(
                     &latest_votes,
                     block_height - (block_height % u64::from(step)) + u64::from(step),
+                    spec,
                 ) {
                     current_head = clear_winner;
                     break;
@@ -368,17 +391,23 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
                 step /= 2;
             }
             if step > 0 {
+                trace!("Found clear winner in log lookup");
             }
             // if our skip lookup failed and we only have one child, progress to that child
             else if children.len() == 1 {
                 current_head = children[0];
+                trace!(
+                    "Lookup failed, only one child, proceeding to child: {}",
+                    current_head
+                );
             }
             // we need to find the best child path to progress down.
             else {
+                trace!("Searching for best child");
                 let mut child_votes = HashMap::new();
                 for (voted_hash, vote) in latest_votes.iter() {
                     // if the latest votes correspond to a child
-                    if let Some(child) = self.get_ancestor(*voted_hash, block_height + 1) {
+                    if let Some(child) = self.get_ancestor(*voted_hash, block_height + 1, spec) {
                         // add up the votes for each child
                         *child_votes.entry(child).or_insert_with(|| 0) += vote;
                     }
@@ -387,22 +416,30 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for OptimisedLMDGhost<T> {
                 current_head = self
                     .choose_best_child(&child_votes)
                     .ok_or(ForkChoiceError::CannotFindBestChild)?;
+                trace!("Best child found: {}", current_head);
             }
 
-            // No head was found, re-iterate
+            // didn't find head yet, proceed to next iteration
-
+            // update block height
-            // update the block height for the next iteration
+            block_height = self
-            let block_height = self
                 .block_store
                 .get_deserialized(&current_head)?
-                .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*justified_block_start))?
+                .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(current_head))?
                 .slot()
-                .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+                .height(spec.genesis_slot);
-
             // prune the latest votes for votes that are not part of current chosen chain
             // more specifically, only keep votes that have head as an ancestor
-            latest_votes
+            for hash in latest_votes.keys() {
-                .retain(|hash, _| self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height) == Some(current_head));
+                trace!(
+                    "Ancestor for vote: {} at height: {} is: {:?}",
+                    hash,
+                    block_height,
+                    self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height, spec)
+                );
+            }
+            latest_votes.retain(|hash, _| {
+                self.get_ancestor(*hash, block_height, spec) == Some(current_head)
+            });
         }
     }
 }

eth2/fork_choice/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,57 +1,36 @@
-// Copyright 2019 Sigma Prime Pty Ltd.
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
 //! This crate stores the various implementations of fork-choice rules that can be used for the
 //! beacon blockchain.
 //!
-//! There are four implementations. One is the naive longest chain rule (primarily for testing
+//! There are three implementations. One is the naive longest chain rule (primarily for testing
-//! purposes). The other three are proposed implementations of the LMD-GHOST fork-choice rule with various forms of optimisation.
+//! purposes). The other two are proposed implementations of the LMD-GHOST fork-choice rule with various forms of optimisation.
 //!
 //! The current implementations are:
 //! - [`longest-chain`]: Simplistic longest-chain fork choice - primarily for testing, **not for
 //! production**.
 //! - [`slow_lmd_ghost`]: This is a simple and very inefficient implementation given in the ethereum 2.0
 //! specifications (https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v0.1/specs/core/0_beacon-chain.md#get_block_root).
-//! - [`optimised_lmd_ghost`]: This is an optimised version of the naive implementation as proposed
+//! - [`bitwise_lmd_ghost`]: This is an optimised version of bitwise LMD-GHOST as proposed
 //! by Vitalik. The reference implementation can be found at: https://github.com/ethereum/research/blob/master/ghost/ghost.py
-//! - [`protolambda_lmd_ghost`]: Another optimised version of LMD-GHOST designed by @protolambda.
-//! The go implementation can be found here: https://github.com/protolambda/lmd-ghost.
 //!
+//! [`longest-chain`]: struct.LongestChain.html
 //! [`slow_lmd_ghost`]: struct.SlowLmdGhost.html
-//! [`optimised_lmd_ghost`]: struct.OptimisedLmdGhost.html
+//! [`bitwise_lmd_ghost`]: struct.OptimisedLmdGhost.html
-//! [`protolambda_lmd_ghost`]: struct.ProtolambdaLmdGhost.html
 
 extern crate db;
 extern crate ssz;
 extern crate types;
 
+pub mod bitwise_lmd_ghost;
 pub mod longest_chain;
-pub mod optimised_lmd_ghost;
 pub mod slow_lmd_ghost;
 
 use db::stores::BeaconBlockAtSlotError;
 use db::DBError;
-use types::{BeaconBlock, Hash256};
+use types::{BeaconBlock, ChainSpec, Hash256};
 
+pub use bitwise_lmd_ghost::BitwiseLMDGhost;
 pub use longest_chain::LongestChain;
-pub use optimised_lmd_ghost::OptimisedLMDGhost;
+pub use slow_lmd_ghost::SlowLMDGhost;
 
 /// Defines the interface for Fork Choices. Each Fork choice will define their own data structures
 /// which can be built in block processing through the `add_block` and `add_attestation` functions.
@@ -63,6 +42,7 @@ pub trait ForkChoice: Send + Sync {
         &mut self,
         block: &BeaconBlock,
         block_hash: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError>;
     /// Called when an attestation has been added. Allows generic attestation-level data structures to be built for a given fork choice.
     // This can be generalised to a full attestation if required later.
@@ -70,10 +50,15 @@ pub trait ForkChoice: Send + Sync {
         &mut self,
         validator_index: u64,
         target_block_hash: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError>;
     /// The fork-choice algorithm to find the current canonical head of the chain.
     // TODO: Remove the justified_start_block parameter and make it internal
-    fn find_head(&mut self, justified_start_block: &Hash256) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError>;
+    fn find_head(
+        &mut self,
+        justified_start_block: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
+    ) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError>;
 }
 
 /// Possible fork choice errors that can occur.
@@ -109,11 +94,11 @@ impl From<BeaconBlockAtSlotError> for ForkChoiceError {
 }
 
 /// Fork choice options that are currently implemented.
-pub enum ForkChoiceAlgorithms {
+pub enum ForkChoiceAlgorithm {
     /// Chooses the longest chain becomes the head. Not for production.
     LongestChain,
     /// A simple and highly inefficient implementation of LMD ghost.
     SlowLMDGhost,
-    /// An optimised version of LMD-GHOST by Vitalik.
+    /// An optimised version of bitwise LMD-GHOST by Vitalik.
-    OptimisedLMDGhost,
+    BitwiseLMDGhost,
 }

eth2/fork_choice/src/longest_chain.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{ForkChoice, ForkChoiceError};
 use db::{stores::BeaconBlockStore, ClientDB};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use types::{BeaconBlock, Hash256, Slot};
+use types::{BeaconBlock, ChainSpec, Hash256, Slot};
 
 pub struct LongestChain<T>
 where
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for LongestChain<T> {
         &mut self,
         block: &BeaconBlock,
         block_hash: &Hash256,
+        _: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // add the block hash to head_block_hashes removing the parent if it exists
         self.head_block_hashes
@@ -38,12 +39,17 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for LongestChain<T> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn add_attestation(&mut self, _: u64, _: &Hash256) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
+    fn add_attestation(
+        &mut self,
+        _: u64,
+        _: &Hash256,
+        _: &ChainSpec,
+    ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // do nothing
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn find_head(&mut self, _: &Hash256) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
+    fn find_head(&mut self, _: &Hash256, _: &ChainSpec) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
         let mut head_blocks: Vec<(usize, BeaconBlock)> = vec![];
         /*
          * Load all the head_block hashes from the DB as SszBeaconBlocks.

eth2/fork_choice/src/slow_lmd_ghost.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,3 @@
-// Copyright 2019 Sigma Prime Pty Ltd.
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
 extern crate db;
 
 use crate::{ForkChoice, ForkChoiceError};
@@ -25,21 +5,16 @@ use db::{
     stores::{BeaconBlockStore, BeaconStateStore},
     ClientDB,
 };
+use log::{debug, trace};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use types::{
     readers::BeaconBlockReader, validator_registry::get_active_validator_indices, BeaconBlock,
-    Hash256, Slot,
+    ChainSpec, Hash256, Slot,
 };
 
 //TODO: Pruning and syncing
 
-//TODO: Sort out global constants
-const GENESIS_SLOT: u64 = 0;
-const FORK_CHOICE_BALANCE_INCREMENT: u64 = 1e9 as u64;
-const MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: u64 = 32e9 as u64;
-const EPOCH_LENGTH: u64 = 64;
-
 pub struct SlowLMDGhost<T: ClientDB + Sized> {
     /// The latest attestation targets as a map of validator index to block hash.
     //TODO: Could this be a fixed size vec
@@ -56,12 +31,15 @@ impl<T> SlowLMDGhost<T>
 where
     T: ClientDB + Sized,
 {
-    pub fn new(block_store: BeaconBlockStore<T>, state_store: BeaconStateStore<T>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        block_store: Arc<BeaconBlockStore<T>>,
+        state_store: Arc<BeaconStateStore<T>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         SlowLMDGhost {
             latest_attestation_targets: HashMap::new(),
             children: HashMap::new(),
-            block_store: Arc::new(block_store),
+            block_store,
-            state_store: Arc::new(state_store),
+            state_store,
         }
     }
 
@@ -71,6 +49,7 @@ where
         &self,
         state_root: &Hash256,
         block_slot: Slot,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<Hash256, u64>, ForkChoiceError> {
         // get latest votes
         // Note: Votes are weighted by min(balance, MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT) //
@@ -84,21 +63,22 @@ where
             .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconState(*state_root))?;
 
         let active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(
-            &current_state.validator_registry,
+            &current_state.validator_registry[..],
-            block_slot.epoch(EPOCH_LENGTH),
+            block_slot.epoch(spec.epoch_length),
         );
 
         for index in active_validator_indices {
-            let balance =
+            let balance = std::cmp::min(
-                std::cmp::min(current_state.validator_balances[index], MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT)
+                current_state.validator_balances[index],
-                    / FORK_CHOICE_BALANCE_INCREMENT;
+                spec.max_deposit_amount,
+            ) / spec.fork_choice_balance_increment;
             if balance > 0 {
                 if let Some(target) = self.latest_attestation_targets.get(&(index as u64)) {
                     *latest_votes.entry(*target).or_insert_with(|| 0) += balance;
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        trace!("Latest votes: {:?}", latest_votes);
         Ok(latest_votes)
     }
 
@@ -117,12 +97,12 @@ where
             .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*block_root))?
             .slot();
 
-        for (target_hash, votes) in latest_votes.iter() {
+        for (vote_hash, votes) in latest_votes.iter() {
             let (root_at_slot, _) = self
                 .block_store
-                .block_at_slot(&block_root, block_slot)?
+                .block_at_slot(&vote_hash, block_slot)?
-                .ok_or(ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*block_root))?;
+                .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*block_root))?;
-            if root_at_slot == *target_hash {
+            if root_at_slot == *block_root {
                 count += votes;
             }
         }
@@ -136,6 +116,7 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
         &mut self,
         block: &BeaconBlock,
         block_hash: &Hash256,
+        _: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // build the children hashmap
         // add the new block to the children of parent
@@ -153,22 +134,29 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
         &mut self,
         validator_index: u64,
         target_block_root: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
     ) -> Result<(), ForkChoiceError> {
         // simply add the attestation to the latest_attestation_target if the block_height is
         // larger
+        trace!(
+            "Adding attestation of validator: {:?} for block: {}",
+            validator_index,
+            target_block_root
+        );
         let attestation_target = self
             .latest_attestation_targets
             .entry(validator_index)
             .or_insert_with(|| *target_block_root);
         // if we already have a value
         if attestation_target != target_block_root {
+            trace!("Old attestation found: {:?}", attestation_target);
             // get the height of the target block
             let block_height = self
                 .block_store
                 .get_deserialized(&target_block_root)?
                 .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*target_block_root))?
                 .slot()
-                .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+                .height(spec.genesis_slot);
 
             // get the height of the past target block
             let past_block_height = self
@@ -176,9 +164,10 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
                 .get_deserialized(&attestation_target)?
                 .ok_or_else(|| ForkChoiceError::MissingBeaconBlock(*attestation_target))?
                 .slot()
-                .height(Slot::from(GENESIS_SLOT));
+                .height(spec.genesis_slot);
             // update the attestation only if the new target is higher
             if past_block_height < block_height {
+                trace!("Updating old attestation");
                 *attestation_target = *target_block_root;
             }
         }
@@ -186,7 +175,12 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
     }
 
     /// A very inefficient implementation of LMD ghost.
-    fn find_head(&mut self, justified_block_start: &Hash256) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
+    fn find_head(
+        &mut self,
+        justified_block_start: &Hash256,
+        spec: &ChainSpec,
+    ) -> Result<Hash256, ForkChoiceError> {
+        debug!("Running LMD Ghost Fork-choice rule");
         let start = self
             .block_store
             .get_deserialized(&justified_block_start)?
@@ -194,12 +188,12 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
 
         let start_state_root = start.state_root();
 
-        let latest_votes = self.get_latest_votes(&start_state_root, start.slot())?;
+        let latest_votes = self.get_latest_votes(&start_state_root, start.slot(), spec)?;
 
-        let mut head_hash = Hash256::zero();
+        let mut head_hash = *justified_block_start;
 
         loop {
-            let mut head_vote_count = 0;
+            debug!("Iteration for block: {}", head_hash);
 
             let children = match self.children.get(&head_hash) {
                 Some(children) => children,
@@ -207,8 +201,18 @@ impl<T: ClientDB + Sized> ForkChoice for SlowLMDGhost<T> {
                 None => break,
             };
 
+            // if we only have one child, use it
+            if children.len() == 1 {
+                trace!("Single child found.");
+                head_hash = children[0];
+                continue;
+            }
+            trace!("Children found: {:?}", children);
+
+            let mut head_vote_count = 0;
             for child_hash in children {
                 let vote_count = self.get_vote_count(&latest_votes, &child_hash)?;
+                trace!("Vote count for child: {} is: {}", child_hash, vote_count);
 
                 if vote_count > head_vote_count {
                     head_hash = *child_hash;

eth2/fork_choice/tests/bitwise_lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+title: Fork-choice Tests
+summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests for bitwise lmd ghost.
+test_suite: Fork-Choice
+
+test_cases:
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b1'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b1'
+  weights:
+    - b0: 0
+    - b1: 0
+    - b2: 5
+    - b3: 10
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b3'
+# bitwise LMD ghost example. bitwise GHOST gives b2
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b0'
+  weights:
+    - b1: 5
+    - b2: 4
+    - b3: 3
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b2'

eth2/fork_choice/tests/lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+title: Fork-choice Tests
+summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests for lmd ghost.
+test_suite: Fork-Choice
+
+test_cases:
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b1'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b1'
+  weights:
+    - b0: 0
+    - b1: 0
+    - b2: 5
+    - b3: 10
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b3'
+# bitwise LMD ghost example. GHOST gives b1
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b0'
+  weights:
+    - b1: 5
+    - b2: 4
+    - b3: 3
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b1'

eth2/fork_choice/tests/longest_chain_test_vectors.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+title: Fork-choice Tests
+summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests to verify the longest chain fork-choice rule.
+test_suite: Fork-Choice
+
+test_cases:
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b1'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b1'
+    - id: 'b4'
+      parent: 'b3'
+  weights:
+    - b0: 0
+    - b1: 0
+    - b2: 10
+    - b3: 1
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b4'
+- blocks:
+    - id: 'b0'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b1'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b2'
+      parent: 'b1'
+    - id: 'b3'
+      parent: 'b2'
+    - id: 'b4'
+      parent: 'b3'
+    - id: 'b5'
+      parent: 'b0'
+    - id: 'b6'
+      parent: 'b5'
+    - id: 'b7'
+      parent: 'b6'
+    - id: 'b8'
+      parent: 'b7'
+    - id: 'b9'
+      parent: 'b8'
+  weights:
+    - b0: 5
+    - b1: 20
+    - b2: 10
+    - b3: 10
+  heads:
+    - id: 'b9'

eth2/fork_choice/tests/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// Tests the available fork-choice algorithms
+
+extern crate beacon_chain;
+extern crate bls;
+extern crate db;
+//extern crate env_logger; // for debugging
+extern crate fork_choice;
+extern crate hex;
+extern crate log;
+extern crate slot_clock;
+extern crate types;
+extern crate yaml_rust;
+
+pub use beacon_chain::BeaconChain;
+use bls::{PublicKey, Signature};
+use db::stores::{BeaconBlockStore, BeaconStateStore};
+use db::MemoryDB;
+//use env_logger::{Builder, Env};
+use fork_choice::{BitwiseLMDGhost, ForkChoice, ForkChoiceAlgorithm, LongestChain, SlowLMDGhost};
+use ssz::ssz_encode;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{fs::File, io::prelude::*, path::PathBuf};
+use types::{
+    BeaconBlock, BeaconBlockBody, BeaconState, ChainSpec, Epoch, Eth1Data, Hash256, Slot, Validator,
+};
+use yaml_rust::yaml;
+
+// Note: We Assume the block Id's are hex-encoded.
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bitwise_lmd_ghost() {
+    // set up logging
+    //Builder::from_env(Env::default().default_filter_or("trace")).init();
+
+    test_yaml_vectors(
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::BitwiseLMDGhost,
+        "tests/bitwise_lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml",
+        100,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_slow_lmd_ghost() {
+    test_yaml_vectors(
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::SlowLMDGhost,
+        "tests/lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml",
+        100,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_longest_chain() {
+    test_yaml_vectors(
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::LongestChain,
+        "tests/longest_chain_test_vectors.yaml",
+        100,
+    );
+}
+
+// run a generic test over given YAML test vectors
+fn test_yaml_vectors(
+    fork_choice_algo: ForkChoiceAlgorithm,
+    yaml_file_path: &str,
+    emulated_validators: usize, // the number of validators used to give weights.
+) {
+    // load test cases from yaml
+    let test_cases = load_test_cases_from_yaml(yaml_file_path);
+
+    // default vars
+    let spec = ChainSpec::foundation();
+    let zero_hash = Hash256::zero();
+    let eth1_data = Eth1Data {
+        deposit_root: zero_hash.clone(),
+        block_hash: zero_hash.clone(),
+    };
+    let randao_reveal = Signature::empty_signature();
+    let signature = Signature::empty_signature();
+    let body = BeaconBlockBody {
+        proposer_slashings: vec![],
+        attester_slashings: vec![],
+        attestations: vec![],
+        deposits: vec![],
+        exits: vec![],
+    };
+
+    // process the tests
+    for test_case in test_cases {
+        // setup a fresh test
+        let (mut fork_choice, block_store, state_root) =
+            setup_inital_state(&fork_choice_algo, emulated_validators);
+
+        // keep a hashmap of block_id's to block_hashes (random hashes to abstract block_id)
+        //let mut block_id_map: HashMap<String, Hash256> = HashMap::new();
+        // keep a list of hash to slot
+        let mut block_slot: HashMap<Hash256, Slot> = HashMap::new();
+        // assume the block tree is given to us in order.
+        let mut genesis_hash = None;
+        for block in test_case["blocks"].clone().into_vec().unwrap() {
+            let block_id = block["id"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+            let parent_id = block["parent"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+            // default params for genesis
+            let block_hash = id_to_hash(&block_id);
+            let mut slot = spec.genesis_slot;
+            let parent_root = id_to_hash(&parent_id);
+
+            // set the slot and parent based off the YAML. Start with genesis;
+            // if not the genesis, update slot
+            if parent_id != block_id {
+                // find parent slot
+                slot = *(block_slot
+                    .get(&parent_root)
+                    .expect("Parent should have a slot number"))
+                    + 1;
+            } else {
+                genesis_hash = Some(block_hash);
+            }
+
+            // update slot mapping
+            block_slot.insert(block_hash, slot);
+
+            // build the BeaconBlock
+            let beacon_block = BeaconBlock {
+                slot,
+                parent_root,
+                state_root: state_root.clone(),
+                randao_reveal: randao_reveal.clone(),
+                eth1_data: eth1_data.clone(),
+                signature: signature.clone(),
+                body: body.clone(),
+            };
+
+            // Store the block.
+            block_store
+                .put(&block_hash, &ssz_encode(&beacon_block)[..])
+                .unwrap();
+
+            // run add block for fork choice if not genesis
+            if parent_id != block_id {
+                fork_choice
+                    .add_block(&beacon_block, &block_hash, &spec)
+                    .unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add the weights (attestations)
+        let mut current_validator = 0;
+        for id_map in test_case["weights"].clone().into_vec().unwrap() {
+            // get the block id and weights
+            for (map_id, map_weight) in id_map.as_hash().unwrap().iter() {
+                let id = map_id.as_str().unwrap();
+                let block_root = id_to_hash(&id.to_string());
+                let weight = map_weight.as_i64().unwrap();
+                // we assume a validator has a value 1 and add an attestation for to achieve the
+                // correct weight
+                for _ in 0..weight {
+                    assert!(
+                        current_validator <= emulated_validators,
+                        "Not enough validators to emulate weights"
+                    );
+                    fork_choice
+                        .add_attestation(current_validator as u64, &block_root, &spec)
+                        .unwrap();
+                    current_validator += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // everything is set up, run the fork choice, using genesis as the head
+        let head = fork_choice
+            .find_head(&genesis_hash.unwrap(), &spec)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // compare the result to the expected test
+        let success = test_case["heads"]
+            .clone()
+            .into_vec()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .find(|heads| id_to_hash(&heads["id"].as_str().unwrap().to_string()) == head)
+            .is_some();
+
+        println!("Head found: {}", head);
+        assert!(success, "Did not find one of the possible heads");
+    }
+}
+
+// loads the test_cases from the supplied yaml file
+fn load_test_cases_from_yaml(file_path: &str) -> Vec<yaml_rust::Yaml> {
+    // load the yaml
+    let mut file = {
+        let mut file_path_buf = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+        file_path_buf.push(file_path);
+        File::open(file_path_buf).unwrap()
+    };
+    let mut yaml_str = String::new();
+    file.read_to_string(&mut yaml_str).unwrap();
+    let docs = yaml::YamlLoader::load_from_str(&yaml_str).unwrap();
+    let doc = &docs[0];
+    doc["test_cases"].as_vec().unwrap().clone()
+}
+
+// initialise a single validator and state. All blocks will reference this state root.
+fn setup_inital_state(
+    fork_choice_algo: &ForkChoiceAlgorithm,
+    no_validators: usize,
+) -> (Box<ForkChoice>, Arc<BeaconBlockStore<MemoryDB>>, Hash256) {
+    let zero_hash = Hash256::zero();
+
+    let db = Arc::new(MemoryDB::open());
+    let block_store = Arc::new(BeaconBlockStore::new(db.clone()));
+    let state_store = Arc::new(BeaconStateStore::new(db.clone()));
+
+    // the fork choice instantiation
+    let fork_choice: Box<ForkChoice> = match fork_choice_algo {
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::BitwiseLMDGhost => Box::new(BitwiseLMDGhost::new(
+            block_store.clone(),
+            state_store.clone(),
+        )),
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::SlowLMDGhost => {
+            Box::new(SlowLMDGhost::new(block_store.clone(), state_store.clone()))
+        }
+        ForkChoiceAlgorithm::LongestChain => Box::new(LongestChain::new(block_store.clone())),
+    };
+
+    // misc vars for setting up the state
+    let genesis_time = 1_550_381_159;
+
+    let latest_eth1_data = Eth1Data {
+        deposit_root: zero_hash.clone(),
+        block_hash: zero_hash.clone(),
+    };
+
+    let initial_validator_deposits = vec![];
+    let spec = ChainSpec::foundation();
+
+    // create the state
+    let mut state = BeaconState::genesis(
+        genesis_time,
+        initial_validator_deposits,
+        latest_eth1_data,
+        &spec,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    let default_validator = Validator {
+        pubkey: PublicKey::default(),
+        withdrawal_credentials: zero_hash,
+        activation_epoch: Epoch::from(0u64),
+        exit_epoch: spec.far_future_epoch,
+        withdrawal_epoch: spec.far_future_epoch,
+        penalized_epoch: spec.far_future_epoch,
+        status_flags: None,
+    };
+    // activate the validators
+    for _ in 0..no_validators {
+        state.validator_registry.push(default_validator.clone());
+        state.validator_balances.push(32_000_000_000);
+    }
+
+    let state_root = state.canonical_root();
+    state_store
+        .put(&state_root, &ssz_encode(&state)[..])
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // return initialised vars
+    (fork_choice, block_store, state_root)
+}
+
+// convert a block_id into a Hash256 -- assume input is hex encoded;
+fn id_to_hash(id: &String) -> Hash256 {
+    let bytes = hex::decode(id).expect("Block ID should be hex");
+
+    let len = std::cmp::min(bytes.len(), 32);
+    let mut fixed_bytes = [0u8; 32];
+    for (index, byte) in bytes.iter().take(32).enumerate() {
+        fixed_bytes[32 - len + index] = *byte;
+    }
+    Hash256::from(fixed_bytes)
+}

eth2/types/src/slot_epoch_macros.rs

@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ macro_rules! impl_into_u32 {
     ($main: ident) => {
         impl Into<u32> for $main {
             fn into(self) -> u32 {
+                assert!(self.0 < u64::from(std::u32::MAX), "Lossy conversion to u32");
                 self.0 as u32
             }
         }
 
         impl $main {
             pub fn as_u32(&self) -> u32 {
+                assert!(self.0 < u64::from(std::u32::MAX), "Lossy conversion to u32");
                 self.0 as u32
             }
         }