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Expand merge migration docs (#3430)

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## Issue Addressed

Resolves #3424

## Proposed Changes

This PR expands the merge migration docs to include (hopefully) clearer guidance on the steps required. It's inspired by @winksaville's work in #3426 but takes a more drastic approach to rewriting large sections.

* Add a prominent _When?_ section
* Add links to execution engine configuration guides
* Add links to community guides
* Fix the location of the _Strict fee recipient_ section
This commit is contained in:
Michael Sproul 2022-08-05 06:46:59 +00:00
parent 5d317779bb
commit 83666e04fd
2 changed files with 108 additions and 29 deletions
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96
book/src/merge-migration.md
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@ -1,20 +1,69 @@
# Merge Migration
This document provides detail for users who have been running a Lighthouse node *before* the merge
and are now preparing their node for the merge transition.
This document provides detail for users who want to run a merge-ready Lighthouse node.
## "Pre-Merge" and "Post-Merge"
> If you are running a testnet node, this configuration is necessary _now_.
As of [v2.4.0](https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/releases/tag/v2.4.0) Lighthouse can be considered
to have two modes:
## Necessary Configuration
- "Pre-merge": `--execution-endpoint` flag *is not* provided.
- "Post-merge": `--execution-endpoint` flag *is* provided.
There are two configuration changes required for a Lighthouse node to operate correctly throughout
the merge:
A "pre-merge" node, by definition, will fail to transition through the merge. Such a node *must* be
upgraded before the Bellatrix upgrade.
1. You *must* run your own execution engine such as Geth or Nethermind alongside Lighthouse.
You *must* update your Lighthouse configuration to connect to the execution engine using new
flags which are documented on this page in the
[Connecting to an execution engine](#connecting-to-an-execution-engine) section.
2. If your Lighthouse node has validators attached you *must* nominate an Ethereum address to
receive transactions tips from blocks proposed by your validators. This is covered on the
[Suggested fee recipient](./suggested-fee-recipient.md) page.
## Migration
Additionally, you _must_ update Lighthouse to a merge-compatible release in the weeks before
the merge. Merge releases are available now for all testnets.
## When?
You must configure your node to be merge-ready before the Bellatrix fork occurs on the network
on which your node is operating.
* **Mainnet**: the Bellatrix fork epoch has not yet been announced. It's possible to set up a
merge-ready node now, but some execution engines will require additional configuration. Please see
the section on [Execution engine configuration](#execution-engine-configuration) below.
* **Goerli (Prater)**, **Ropsten**, **Sepolia**, **Kiln**: you must have a merge-ready configuration
right now.
## Connecting to an execution engine
The Lighthouse beacon node must connect to an execution engine in order to validate the transactions
present in post-merge blocks. Two new flags are used to configure this connection:
- `--execution-endpoint <URL>`: the URL of the execution engine API. Often this will be
`http://localhost:8551`.
- `--execution-jwt <FILE>`: the path to the file containing the JWT secret shared by Lighthouse and the
execution engine.
If you set up an execution engine with `--execution-endpoint` then you *must* provide a JWT secret
using `--execution-jwt`. This is a mandatory form of authentication that ensures that Lighthouse
has authority to control the execution engine.
### Execution engine configuration
Each execution engine has its own flags for configuring the engine API and JWT. Please consult
the relevant page for your execution engine for the required flags:
- [Geth: Connecting to Consensus Clients](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interface/consensus-clients)
- [Nethermind: Running Nethermind Post Merge](https://docs.nethermind.io/nethermind/first-steps-with-nethermind/running-nethermind-post-merge)
- [Besu: Prepare For The Merge](https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/HowTo/Upgrade/Prepare-for-The-Merge/)
Once you have configured your execution engine to open up the engine API (usually on port 8551) you
should add the URL to your `lighthouse bn` flags with `--execution-endpoint <URL>`, as well as
the path to the JWT secret with `--execution-jwt <FILE>`.
> NOTE: Geth v1.10.21 or earlier requires a manual TTD override to communicate with Lighthouse over
> the engine API on mainnet. We recommend waiting for a compatible Geth release before configuring
> Lighthouse-Geth on mainnet.
### Example
Let us look at an example of the command line arguments for a pre-merge production staking BN:
@ -60,10 +109,7 @@ merge are ensuring that `--execution-endpoint` and `--execution-jwt` flags are p
you can even leave the `--eth1-endpoints` flag there, it will be ignored. This is not recommended as
a deprecation warning will be logged and Lighthouse *may* remove these flags in the future.
There are no changes required for the validator client, apart from ensure it has been updated to the
same version as the beacon node. Check the version with `lighthouse --version`.
## The relationship between `--eth1-endpoints` and `--execution-endpoint`
### The relationship between `--eth1-endpoints` and `--execution-endpoint`
Pre-merge users will be familiar with the `--eth1-endpoints` flag. This provides a list of Ethereum
"eth1" nodes (e.g., Geth, Nethermind, etc). Each beacon node (BN) can have multiple eth1 endpoints
@ -90,7 +136,16 @@ contains the transaction history of the Ethereum chain, there is no longer a nee
be used for all such queries. Therefore we can say that where `--execution-endpoint` is included
`--eth1-endpoints` should be omitted.
## What about multiple execution endpoints?
## FAQ
### Can I use `http://localhost:8545` for the execution endpoint?
Most execution nodes use port `8545` for the Ethereum JSON-RPC API. Unless custom configuration is
used, an execution node _will not_ provide the necessary engine API on port `8545`. You should
not attempt to use `http://localhost:8545` as your engine URL and should instead use
`http://localhost:8551`.
### What about multiple execution endpoints?
Since an execution engine can only have one connected BN, the value of having multiple execution
engines connected to the same BN is very low. An execution engine cannot be shared between BNs to
@ -99,3 +154,14 @@ reduce costs.
Whilst having multiple execution engines connected to a single BN might be useful for advanced
testing scenarios, Lighthouse (and other consensus clients) have decided to support *only one*
execution endpoint. Such scenarios could be resolved with a custom-made HTTP proxy.
## Additional Resources
There are several community-maintained guides which provide more background information, as well as
guidance for specific setups.
- [Ethereum.org: The Merge](https://ethereum.org/en/upgrades/merge/)
- [Ethereum Staking Launchpad: Merge Readiness](https://launchpad.ethereum.org/en/merge-readiness).
- [CoinCashew: Ethereum Merge Upgrade Checklist](https://www.coincashew.com/coins/overview-eth/ethereum-merge-upgrade-checklist-for-home-stakers-and-validators)
- [EthDocker: Merge Preparation](https://eth-docker.net/docs/About/MergePrep/)
- [Remy Roy: How to join the Goerli/Prater merge testnet](https://github.com/remyroy/ethstaker/blob/main/merge-goerli-prater.md)

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# Suggested Fee Recipient
*Note: these documents are not relevant until the Bellatrix (Merge) upgrade has occurred.*
The _fee recipient_ is an Ethereum address nominated by a beacon chain validator to receive
tips from user transactions. If you run validators on a network that has already merged
or is due to merge soon then you should nominate a fee recipient for your validators.
## Fee recipient trust assumptions
## Background
During post-merge block production, the Beacon Node (BN) will provide a `suggested_fee_recipient` to
the execution node. This is a 20-byte Ethereum address which the EL might choose to set as the
@ -13,32 +15,25 @@ it may use any address it chooses. It is assumed that an honest execution node *
`suggested_fee_recipient`, but users should note this trust assumption. Check out the
[strict fee recipient](#strict-fee-recipient) section for how to mitigate this assumption.
The `suggested_fee_recipient` can be provided to the VC, who will transmit it to the BN. The BN also
The `suggested_fee_recipient` can be provided to the VC, which will transmit it to the BN. The BN also
has a choice regarding the fee recipient it passes to the execution node, creating another
noteworthy trust assumption.
To be sure *you* control your fee recipient value, run your own BN and execution node (don't use
third-party services).
The Lighthouse VC provides three methods for setting the `suggested_fee_recipient` (also known
## How to configure a suggested fee recipient
The Lighthouse VC provides two methods for setting the `suggested_fee_recipient` (also known
simply as the "fee recipient") to be passed to the execution layer during block production. The
Lighthouse BN also provides a method for defining this value, should the VC not transmit a value.
Assuming trustworthy nodes, the priority for the four methods is:
Assuming trustworthy nodes, the priority for the three methods is:
1. `validator_definitions.yml`
1. `--suggested-fee-recipient` provided to the VC.
1. `--suggested-fee-recipient` provided to the BN.
## Strict Fee Recipient
If the flag `--strict-fee-recipient` is set in the validator client, Lighthouse will refuse to sign any block whose
`fee_recipient` does not match the `suggested_fee_recipient` sent by this validator. This applies to both the normal
block proposal flow and block proposals through the builder API. Proposals through the builder API are more likely
to have a discrepancy in `fee_recipient` so you should be aware of how your connected relay sends proposer payments before
using this flag. If this flag is used, a fee recipient mismatch in the builder API flow will result in a fallback to the
local execution engine for payload construction, where a strict fee recipient check will still be applied.
### 1. Setting the fee recipient in the `validator_definitions.yml`
Users can set the fee recipient in `validator_definitions.yml` with the `suggested_fee_recipient`
@ -168,4 +163,22 @@ curl -X DELETE \
null
```
## Strict Fee Recipient
If the flag `--strict-fee-recipient` is set in the validator client, Lighthouse will refuse to sign any block whose
`fee_recipient` does not match the `suggested_fee_recipient` sent by this validator. This applies to both the normal
block proposal flow and block proposals through the builder API. Proposals through the builder API are more likely
to have a discrepancy in `fee_recipient` so you should be aware of how your connected relay sends proposer payments before
using this flag. If this flag is used, a fee recipient mismatch in the builder API flow will result in a fallback to the
local execution engine for payload construction, where a strict fee recipient check will still be applied.
## FAQ
### Why do I have to nominate an Ethereum address as the fee recipient?
You might wonder why the validator can't just accumulate transactions fees in the same way that it
accumulates other staking rewards. The reason for this is that transaction fees are computed and
validated by the execution node, and therefore need to be paid to an address that exists on the
execution chain. Validators use BLS keys which do not correspond to Ethereum addresses, so they
have no "presence" on the execution chain. Therefore it's necessary for each validator to nominate
a separate fee recipient address.