laconicd-deprecated/rpc/namespaces/ethereum/eth/api.go

package eth

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/big"

	"github.com/evmos/ethermint/ethereum/eip712"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/signer/core/apitypes"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/spf13/viper"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/log"
	tmrpctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core/types"

	sdkmath "cosmossdk.io/math"
	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/flags"
	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/crypto/keyring"
	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
	sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
	authtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/types"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
	ethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"

	"github.com/evmos/ethermint/crypto/hd"
	"github.com/evmos/ethermint/rpc/backend"

	rpctypes "github.com/evmos/ethermint/rpc/types"
	ethermint "github.com/evmos/ethermint/types"
	evmtypes "github.com/evmos/ethermint/x/evm/types"
)

// PublicAPI is the eth_ prefixed set of APIs in the Web3 JSON-RPC spec.
type PublicAPI struct {
	ctx          context.Context
	clientCtx    client.Context
	queryClient  *rpctypes.QueryClient
	chainIDEpoch *big.Int
	logger       log.Logger
	backend      backend.EVMBackend
	nonceLock    *rpctypes.AddrLocker
	signer       ethtypes.Signer
}

// NewPublicAPI creates an instance of the public ETH Web3 API.
func NewPublicAPI(
	logger log.Logger,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	backend backend.EVMBackend,
	nonceLock *rpctypes.AddrLocker,
) *PublicAPI {
	eip155ChainID, err := ethermint.ParseChainID(clientCtx.ChainID)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	algos, _ := clientCtx.Keyring.SupportedAlgorithms()

	if !algos.Contains(hd.EthSecp256k1) {
		kr, err := keyring.New(
			sdk.KeyringServiceName(),
			viper.GetString(flags.FlagKeyringBackend),
			clientCtx.KeyringDir,
			clientCtx.Input,
			clientCtx.Codec,
			hd.EthSecp256k1Option(),
		)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		clientCtx = clientCtx.WithKeyring(kr)
	}

	// The signer used by the API should always be the 'latest' known one because we expect
	// signers to be backwards-compatible with old transactions.
	cfg := backend.ChainConfig()
	if cfg == nil {
		cfg = evmtypes.DefaultChainConfig().EthereumConfig(eip155ChainID)
	}

	signer := ethtypes.LatestSigner(cfg)

	api := &PublicAPI{
		ctx:          context.Background(),
		clientCtx:    clientCtx,
		queryClient:  rpctypes.NewQueryClient(clientCtx),
		chainIDEpoch: eip155ChainID,
		logger:       logger.With("client", "json-rpc"),
		backend:      backend,
		nonceLock:    nonceLock,
		signer:       signer,
	}

	return api
}

// ClientCtx returns client context
func (e *PublicAPI) ClientCtx() client.Context {
	return e.clientCtx
}

func (e *PublicAPI) QueryClient() *rpctypes.QueryClient {
	return e.queryClient
}

func (e *PublicAPI) Ctx() context.Context {
	return e.ctx
}

// ProtocolVersion returns the supported Ethereum protocol version.
func (e *PublicAPI) ProtocolVersion() hexutil.Uint {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_protocolVersion")
	return hexutil.Uint(ethermint.ProtocolVersion)
}

// ChainId is the EIP-155 replay-protection chain id for the current ethereum chain config.
func (e *PublicAPI) ChainId() (*hexutil.Big, error) { // nolint
	e.logger.Debug("eth_chainId")
	// if current block is at or past the EIP-155 replay-protection fork block, return chainID from config
	bn, err := e.backend.BlockNumber()
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("failed to fetch latest block number", "error", err.Error())
		return (*hexutil.Big)(e.chainIDEpoch), nil
	}

	if config := e.backend.ChainConfig(); config.IsEIP155(new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(bn))) {
		return (*hexutil.Big)(config.ChainID), nil
	}

	return nil, fmt.Errorf("chain not synced beyond EIP-155 replay-protection fork block")
}

// Syncing returns false in case the node is currently not syncing with the network. It can be up to date or has not
// yet received the latest block headers from its pears. In case it is synchronizing:
// - startingBlock: block number this node started to synchronize from
// - currentBlock:  block number this node is currently importing
// - highestBlock:  block number of the highest block header this node has received from peers
// - pulledStates:  number of state entries processed until now
// - knownStates:   number of known state entries that still need to be pulled
func (e *PublicAPI) Syncing() (interface{}, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_syncing")

	status, err := e.clientCtx.Client.Status(e.ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	if !status.SyncInfo.CatchingUp {
		return false, nil
	}

	return map[string]interface{}{
		"startingBlock": hexutil.Uint64(status.SyncInfo.EarliestBlockHeight),
		"currentBlock":  hexutil.Uint64(status.SyncInfo.LatestBlockHeight),
		// "highestBlock":  nil, // NA
		// "pulledStates":  nil, // NA
		// "knownStates":   nil, // NA
	}, nil
}

// Coinbase is the address that staking rewards will be send to (alias for Etherbase).
func (e *PublicAPI) Coinbase() (string, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_coinbase")

	coinbase, err := e.backend.GetCoinbase()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	ethAddr := common.BytesToAddress(coinbase.Bytes())
	return ethAddr.Hex(), nil
}

// Mining returns whether or not this node is currently mining. Always false.
func (e *PublicAPI) Mining() bool {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_mining")
	return false
}

// Hashrate returns the current node's hashrate. Always 0.
func (e *PublicAPI) Hashrate() hexutil.Uint64 {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_hashrate")
	return 0
}

// GasPrice returns the current gas price based on Ethermint's gas price oracle.
func (e *PublicAPI) GasPrice() (*hexutil.Big, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_gasPrice")
	var (
		result *big.Int
		err    error
	)
	if head := e.backend.CurrentHeader(); head.BaseFee != nil {
		result, err = e.backend.SuggestGasTipCap(head.BaseFee)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		result = result.Add(result, head.BaseFee)
	} else {
		result = big.NewInt(e.backend.RPCMinGasPrice())
	}

	// return at least GlobalMinGasPrice from FeeMarket module
	minGasPrice, err := e.backend.GlobalMinGasPrice()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	minGasPriceInt := minGasPrice.TruncateInt().BigInt()
	if result.Cmp(minGasPriceInt) < 0 {
		result = minGasPriceInt
	}

	return (*hexutil.Big)(result), nil
}

// MaxPriorityFeePerGas returns a suggestion for a gas tip cap for dynamic fee transactions.
func (e *PublicAPI) MaxPriorityFeePerGas() (*hexutil.Big, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas")
	head := e.backend.CurrentHeader()
	tipcap, err := e.backend.SuggestGasTipCap(head.BaseFee)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return (*hexutil.Big)(tipcap), nil
}

func (e *PublicAPI) FeeHistory(blockCount rpc.DecimalOrHex, lastBlock rpc.BlockNumber, rewardPercentiles []float64) (*rpctypes.FeeHistoryResult, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_feeHistory")
	return e.backend.FeeHistory(blockCount, lastBlock, rewardPercentiles)
}

// Accounts returns the list of accounts available to this node.
func (e *PublicAPI) Accounts() ([]common.Address, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_accounts")

	addresses := make([]common.Address, 0) // return [] instead of nil if empty

	infos, err := e.clientCtx.Keyring.List()
	if err != nil {
		return addresses, err
	}

	for _, info := range infos {
		pubKey, err := info.GetPubKey()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		addressBytes := pubKey.Address().Bytes()
		addresses = append(addresses, common.BytesToAddress(addressBytes))
	}

	return addresses, nil
}

// BlockNumber returns the current block number.
func (e *PublicAPI) BlockNumber() (hexutil.Uint64, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_blockNumber")
	return e.backend.BlockNumber()
}

// GetBalance returns the provided account's balance up to the provided block number.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetBalance(address common.Address, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (*hexutil.Big, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getBalance", "address", address.String(), "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)

	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := &evmtypes.QueryBalanceRequest{
		Address: address.String(),
	}

	res, err := e.queryClient.Balance(rpctypes.ContextWithHeight(blockNum.Int64()), req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	val, ok := sdkmath.NewIntFromString(res.Balance)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.New("invalid balance")
	}

	return (*hexutil.Big)(val.BigInt()), nil
}

// GetStorageAt returns the contract storage at the given address, block number, and key.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetStorageAt(address common.Address, key string, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getStorageAt", "address", address.Hex(), "key", key, "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)

	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := &evmtypes.QueryStorageRequest{
		Address: address.String(),
		Key:     key,
	}

	res, err := e.queryClient.Storage(rpctypes.ContextWithHeight(blockNum.Int64()), req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	value := common.HexToHash(res.Value)
	return value.Bytes(), nil
}

// GetTransactionCount returns the number of transactions at the given address up to the given block number.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionCount(address common.Address, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (*hexutil.Uint64, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionCount", "address", address.Hex(), "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)
	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return e.backend.GetTransactionCount(address, blockNum)
}

// GetBlockTransactionCountByHash returns the number of transactions in the block identified by hash.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetBlockTransactionCountByHash(hash common.Hash) *hexutil.Uint {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash", "hash", hash.Hex())

	block, err := e.clientCtx.Client.BlockByHash(e.ctx, hash.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "hash", hash.Hex(), "error", err.Error())
		return nil
	}

	if block.Block == nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "hash", hash.Hex())
		return nil
	}

	blockRes, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockResultByNumber(&block.Block.Height)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}

	ethMsgs := e.backend.GetEthereumMsgsFromTendermintBlock(block, blockRes)
	n := hexutil.Uint(len(ethMsgs))
	return &n
}

// GetBlockTransactionCountByNumber returns the number of transactions in the block identified by number.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetBlockTransactionCountByNumber(blockNum rpctypes.BlockNumber) *hexutil.Uint {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber", "height", blockNum.Int64())
	block, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockByNumber(blockNum)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "height", blockNum.Int64(), "error", err.Error())
		return nil
	}

	if block.Block == nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "height", blockNum.Int64())
		return nil
	}

	blockRes, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockResultByNumber(&block.Block.Height)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}

	ethMsgs := e.backend.GetEthereumMsgsFromTendermintBlock(block, blockRes)
	n := hexutil.Uint(len(ethMsgs))
	return &n
}

// GetUncleCountByBlockHash returns the number of uncles in the block identified by hash. Always zero.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetUncleCountByBlockHash(hash common.Hash) hexutil.Uint {
	return 0
}

// GetUncleCountByBlockNumber returns the number of uncles in the block identified by number. Always zero.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetUncleCountByBlockNumber(blockNum rpctypes.BlockNumber) hexutil.Uint {
	return 0
}

// GetCode returns the contract code at the given address and block number.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetCode(address common.Address, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getCode", "address", address.Hex(), "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)

	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := &evmtypes.QueryCodeRequest{
		Address: address.String(),
	}

	res, err := e.queryClient.Code(rpctypes.ContextWithHeight(blockNum.Int64()), req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return res.Code, nil
}

// GetTransactionLogs returns the logs given a transaction hash.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionLogs(txHash common.Hash) ([]*ethtypes.Log, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionLogs", "hash", txHash)

	hexTx := txHash.Hex()
	res, err := e.backend.GetTxByEthHash(txHash)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("tx not found", "hash", hexTx, "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}

	if res.TxResult.Code != 0 {
		// failed, return empty logs
		return nil, nil
	}

	parsedTxs, err := rpctypes.ParseTxResult(&res.TxResult)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse tx events: %s, %v", hexTx, err)
	}

	parsedTx := parsedTxs.GetTxByHash(txHash)
	if parsedTx == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ethereum tx not found in msgs: %s", hexTx)
	}

	// parse tx logs from events
	return parsedTx.ParseTxLogs()
}

// Sign signs the provided data using the private key of address via Geth's signature standard.
func (e *PublicAPI) Sign(address common.Address, data hexutil.Bytes) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_sign", "address", address.Hex(), "data", common.Bytes2Hex(data))

	from := sdk.AccAddress(address.Bytes())

	_, err := e.clientCtx.Keyring.KeyByAddress(from)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to find key in keyring", "address", address.String())
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s; %s", keystore.ErrNoMatch, err.Error())
	}

	// Sign the requested hash with the wallet
	signature, _, err := e.clientCtx.Keyring.SignByAddress(from, data)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("keyring.SignByAddress failed", "address", address.Hex())
		return nil, err
	}

	signature[crypto.RecoveryIDOffset] += 27 // Transform V from 0/1 to 27/28 according to the yellow paper
	return signature, nil
}

// SignTypedData signs EIP-712 conformant typed data
func (e *PublicAPI) SignTypedData(address common.Address, typedData apitypes.TypedData) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_signTypedData", "address", address.Hex(), "data", typedData)
	from := sdk.AccAddress(address.Bytes())

	_, err := e.clientCtx.Keyring.KeyByAddress(from)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to find key in keyring", "address", address.String())
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s; %s", keystore.ErrNoMatch, err.Error())
	}

	sigHash, err := eip712.ComputeTypedDataHash(typedData)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Sign the requested hash with the wallet
	signature, _, err := e.clientCtx.Keyring.SignByAddress(from, sigHash)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("keyring.SignByAddress failed", "address", address.Hex())
		return nil, err
	}

	signature[crypto.RecoveryIDOffset] += 27 // Transform V from 0/1 to 27/28 according to the yellow paper
	return signature, nil
}

// SendTransaction sends an Ethereum transaction.
func (e *PublicAPI) SendTransaction(args evmtypes.TransactionArgs) (common.Hash, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_sendTransaction", "args", args.String())
	return e.backend.SendTransaction(args)
}

// FillTransaction fills the defaults (nonce, gas, gasPrice or 1559 fields)
// on a given unsigned transaction, and returns it to the caller for further
// processing (signing + broadcast).
func (e *PublicAPI) FillTransaction(args evmtypes.TransactionArgs) (*rpctypes.SignTransactionResult, error) {
	// Set some sanity defaults and terminate on failure
	args, err := e.backend.SetTxDefaults(args)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Assemble the transaction and obtain rlp
	tx := args.ToTransaction().AsTransaction()

	data, err := tx.MarshalBinary()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &rpctypes.SignTransactionResult{
		Raw: data,
		Tx:  tx,
	}, nil
}

// SendRawTransaction send a raw Ethereum transaction.
func (e *PublicAPI) SendRawTransaction(data hexutil.Bytes) (common.Hash, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_sendRawTransaction", "length", len(data))

	// RLP decode raw transaction bytes
	tx := &ethtypes.Transaction{}
	if err := tx.UnmarshalBinary(data); err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("transaction decoding failed", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	// check the local node config in case unprotected txs are disabled
	if !e.backend.UnprotectedAllowed() && !tx.Protected() {
		// Ensure only eip155 signed transactions are submitted if EIP155Required is set.
		return common.Hash{}, errors.New("only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC")
	}

	ethereumTx := &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}
	if err := ethereumTx.FromEthereumTx(tx); err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("transaction converting failed", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	if err := ethereumTx.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("tx failed basic validation", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	// Query params to use the EVM denomination
	res, err := e.queryClient.QueryClient.Params(e.ctx, &evmtypes.QueryParamsRequest{})
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to query evm params", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	cosmosTx, err := ethereumTx.BuildTx(e.clientCtx.TxConfig.NewTxBuilder(), res.Params.EvmDenom)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to build cosmos tx", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	// Encode transaction by default Tx encoder
	txBytes, err := e.clientCtx.TxConfig.TxEncoder()(cosmosTx)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to encode eth tx using default encoder", "error", err.Error())
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	txHash := ethereumTx.AsTransaction().Hash()

	syncCtx := e.clientCtx.WithBroadcastMode(flags.BroadcastSync)
	rsp, err := syncCtx.BroadcastTx(txBytes)
	if rsp != nil && rsp.Code != 0 {
		err = sdkerrors.ABCIError(rsp.Codespace, rsp.Code, rsp.RawLog)
	}
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to broadcast tx", "error", err.Error())
		return txHash, err
	}

	return txHash, nil
}

// Resend accepts an existing transaction and a new gas price and limit. It will remove
// the given transaction from the pool and reinsert it with the new gas price and limit.
func (e *PublicAPI) Resend(ctx context.Context, args evmtypes.TransactionArgs, gasPrice *hexutil.Big, gasLimit *hexutil.Uint64) (common.Hash, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_resend", "args", args.String())
	if args.Nonce == nil {
		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("missing transaction nonce in transaction spec")
	}

	args, err := e.backend.SetTxDefaults(args)
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	matchTx := args.ToTransaction().AsTransaction()

	// Before replacing the old transaction, ensure the _new_ transaction fee is reasonable.
	price := matchTx.GasPrice()
	if gasPrice != nil {
		price = gasPrice.ToInt()
	}
	gas := matchTx.Gas()
	if gasLimit != nil {
		gas = uint64(*gasLimit)
	}
	if err := rpctypes.CheckTxFee(price, gas, e.backend.RPCTxFeeCap()); err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	pending, err := e.backend.PendingTransactions()
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}

	for _, tx := range pending {
		// FIXME does Resend api possible at all?  https://github.com/evmos/ethermint/issues/905
		p, err := evmtypes.UnwrapEthereumMsg(tx, common.Hash{})
		if err != nil {
			// not valid ethereum tx
			continue
		}

		pTx := p.AsTransaction()

		wantSigHash := e.signer.Hash(matchTx)
		pFrom, err := ethtypes.Sender(e.signer, pTx)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}

		if pFrom == *args.From && e.signer.Hash(pTx) == wantSigHash {
			// Match. Re-sign and send the transaction.
			if gasPrice != nil && (*big.Int)(gasPrice).Sign() != 0 {
				args.GasPrice = gasPrice
			}
			if gasLimit != nil && *gasLimit != 0 {
				args.Gas = gasLimit
			}

			return e.backend.SendTransaction(args) // TODO: this calls SetTxDefaults again, refactor to avoid calling it twice
		}
	}

	return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("transaction %#x not found", matchTx.Hash())
}

// Call performs a raw contract call.
func (e *PublicAPI) Call(args evmtypes.TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash, _ *rpctypes.StateOverride) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_call", "args", args.String(), "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)

	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	data, err := e.doCall(args, blockNum)
	if err != nil {
		return []byte{}, err
	}

	return (hexutil.Bytes)(data.Ret), nil
}

// DoCall performs a simulated call operation through the evmtypes. It returns the
// estimated gas used on the operation or an error if fails.
func (e *PublicAPI) doCall(
	args evmtypes.TransactionArgs, blockNr rpctypes.BlockNumber,
) (*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTxResponse, error) {
	bz, err := json.Marshal(&args)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := evmtypes.EthCallRequest{
		Args:   bz,
		GasCap: e.backend.RPCGasCap(),
	}

	// From ContextWithHeight: if the provided height is 0,
	// it will return an empty context and the gRPC query will use
	// the latest block height for querying.
	ctx := rpctypes.ContextWithHeight(blockNr.Int64())
	timeout := e.backend.RPCEVMTimeout()

	// Setup context so it may be canceled the call has completed
	// or, in case of unmetered gas, setup a context with a timeout.
	var cancel context.CancelFunc
	if timeout > 0 {
		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
	} else {
		ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
	}

	// Make sure the context is canceled when the call has completed
	// this makes sure resources are cleaned up.
	defer cancel()

	res, err := e.queryClient.EthCall(ctx, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if res.Failed() {
		if res.VmError != vm.ErrExecutionReverted.Error() {
			return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, res.VmError)
		}
		return nil, evmtypes.NewExecErrorWithReason(res.Ret)
	}

	return res, nil
}

// EstimateGas returns an estimate of gas usage for the given smart contract call.
func (e *PublicAPI) EstimateGas(args evmtypes.TransactionArgs, blockNrOptional *rpctypes.BlockNumber) (hexutil.Uint64, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_estimateGas")
	return e.backend.EstimateGas(args, blockNrOptional)
}

// GetBlockByHash returns the block identified by hash.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetBlockByHash(hash common.Hash, fullTx bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getBlockByHash", "hash", hash.Hex(), "full", fullTx)
	return e.backend.GetBlockByHash(hash, fullTx)
}

// GetBlockByNumber returns the block identified by number.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetBlockByNumber(ethBlockNum rpctypes.BlockNumber, fullTx bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getBlockByNumber", "number", ethBlockNum, "full", fullTx)
	return e.backend.GetBlockByNumber(ethBlockNum, fullTx)
}

// GetTransactionByHash returns the transaction identified by hash.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionByHash(hash common.Hash) (*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionByHash", "hash", hash.Hex())
	return e.backend.GetTransactionByHash(hash)
}

// GetTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex returns the transaction identified by hash and index.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, idx hexutil.Uint) (*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex", "hash", hash.Hex(), "index", idx)

	block, err := e.clientCtx.Client.BlockByHash(e.ctx, hash.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "hash", hash.Hex(), "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}

	if block.Block == nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "hash", hash.Hex())
		return nil, nil
	}

	return e.getTransactionByBlockAndIndex(block, idx)
}

// GetTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex returns the transaction identified by number and index.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNum rpctypes.BlockNumber, idx hexutil.Uint) (*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex", "number", blockNum, "index", idx)

	block, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockByNumber(blockNum)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "height", blockNum.Int64(), "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}

	if block.Block == nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "height", blockNum.Int64())
		return nil, nil
	}

	return e.getTransactionByBlockAndIndex(block, idx)
}

// getTransactionByBlockAndIndex is the common code shared by `GetTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex` and `GetTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex`.
func (e *PublicAPI) getTransactionByBlockAndIndex(block *tmrpctypes.ResultBlock, idx hexutil.Uint) (*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, error) {
	blockRes, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockResultByNumber(&block.Block.Height)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	var msg *evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx
	// try /tx_search first
	res, err := e.backend.GetTxByTxIndex(block.Block.Height, uint(idx))
	if err == nil {
		tx, err := e.clientCtx.TxConfig.TxDecoder()(res.Tx)
		if err != nil {
			e.logger.Debug("invalid ethereum tx", "height", block.Block.Header, "index", idx)
			return nil, nil
		}

		parsedTxs, err := rpctypes.ParseTxResult(&res.TxResult)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse tx events: %d, %v", idx, err)
		}

		parsedTx := parsedTxs.GetTxByTxIndex(int(idx))
		if parsedTx == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ethereum tx not found in msgs: %d", idx)
		}

		var ok bool
		// msgIndex is inferred from tx events, should be within bound.
		msg, ok = tx.GetMsgs()[parsedTx.MsgIndex].(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx)
		if !ok {
			e.logger.Debug("invalid ethereum tx", "height", block.Block.Header, "index", idx)
			return nil, nil
		}
	} else {
		i := int(idx)
		ethMsgs := e.backend.GetEthereumMsgsFromTendermintBlock(block, blockRes)
		if i >= len(ethMsgs) {
			e.logger.Debug("block txs index out of bound", "index", i)
			return nil, nil
		}

		msg = ethMsgs[i]
	}

	baseFee, err := e.backend.BaseFee(blockRes)
	if err != nil {
		// handle the error for pruned node.
		e.logger.Error("failed to fetch Base Fee from prunned block. Check node prunning configuration", "height", block.Block.Height, "error", err)
	}

	return rpctypes.NewTransactionFromMsg(
		msg,
		common.BytesToHash(block.Block.Hash()),
		uint64(block.Block.Height),
		uint64(idx),
		baseFee,
	)
}

// GetTransactionReceipt returns the transaction receipt identified by hash.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetTransactionReceipt(hash common.Hash) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	hexTx := hash.Hex()
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getTransactionReceipt", "hash", hexTx)

	res, err := e.backend.GetTxByEthHash(hash)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("tx not found", "hash", hexTx, "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}

	// don't ignore the txs which exceed block gas limit.
	if !backend.TxSuccessOrExceedsBlockGasLimit(&res.TxResult) {
		return nil, nil
	}

	parsedTxs, err := rpctypes.ParseTxResult(&res.TxResult)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse tx events: %s, %v", hexTx, err)
	}

	parsedTx := parsedTxs.GetTxByHash(hash)
	if parsedTx == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ethereum tx not found in msgs: %s", hexTx)
	}

	resBlock, err := e.clientCtx.Client.Block(e.ctx, &res.Height)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("block not found", "height", res.Height, "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}

	tx, err := e.clientCtx.TxConfig.TxDecoder()(res.Tx)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("decoding failed", "error", err.Error())
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode tx: %w", err)
	}

	if res.TxResult.Code != 0 {
		// tx failed, we should return gas limit as gas used, because that's how the fee get deducted.
		for i := 0; i <= parsedTx.MsgIndex; i++ {
			gasLimit := tx.GetMsgs()[i].(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx).GetGas()
			parsedTxs.Txs[i].GasUsed = gasLimit
		}
	}

	// the `msgIndex` is inferred from tx events, should be within the bound,
	// and the tx is found by eth tx hash, so the msg type must be correct.
	ethMsg := tx.GetMsgs()[parsedTx.MsgIndex].(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx)

	txData, err := evmtypes.UnpackTxData(ethMsg.Data)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Error("failed to unpack tx data", "error", err.Error())
		return nil, err
	}

	cumulativeGasUsed := uint64(0)
	blockRes, err := e.backend.GetTendermintBlockResultByNumber(&res.Height)
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("failed to retrieve block results", "height", res.Height, "error", err.Error())
		return nil, nil
	}
	for i := 0; i < int(res.Index) && i < len(blockRes.TxsResults); i++ {
		cumulativeGasUsed += uint64(blockRes.TxsResults[i].GasUsed)
	}
	cumulativeGasUsed += parsedTxs.AccumulativeGasUsed(parsedTx.MsgIndex)

	// Get the transaction result from the log
	var status hexutil.Uint
	if res.TxResult.Code != 0 || parsedTx.Failed {
		status = hexutil.Uint(ethtypes.ReceiptStatusFailed)
	} else {
		status = hexutil.Uint(ethtypes.ReceiptStatusSuccessful)
	}

	from, err := ethMsg.GetSender(e.chainIDEpoch)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// parse tx logs from events
	logs, err := parsedTx.ParseTxLogs()
	if err != nil {
		e.logger.Debug("failed to parse logs", "hash", hexTx, "error", err.Error())
	}

	if parsedTx.EthTxIndex == -1 {
		// Fallback to find tx index by iterating all valid eth transactions
		msgs := e.backend.GetEthereumMsgsFromTendermintBlock(resBlock, blockRes)
		for i := range msgs {
			if msgs[i].Hash == hexTx {
				parsedTx.EthTxIndex = int64(i)
				break
			}
		}
	}

	if parsedTx.EthTxIndex == -1 {
		return nil, errors.New("can't find index of ethereum tx")
	}

	receipt := map[string]interface{}{
		// Consensus fields: These fields are defined by the Yellow Paper
		"status":            status,
		"cumulativeGasUsed": hexutil.Uint64(cumulativeGasUsed),
		"logsBloom":         ethtypes.BytesToBloom(ethtypes.LogsBloom(logs)),
		"logs":              logs,

		// Implementation fields: These fields are added by geth when processing a transaction.
		// They are stored in the chain database.
		"transactionHash": hash,
		"contractAddress": nil,
		"gasUsed":         hexutil.Uint64(parsedTx.GasUsed),
		"type":            hexutil.Uint(txData.TxType()),

		// Inclusion information: These fields provide information about the inclusion of the
		// transaction corresponding to this receipt.
		"blockHash":        common.BytesToHash(resBlock.Block.Header.Hash()).Hex(),
		"blockNumber":      hexutil.Uint64(res.Height),
		"transactionIndex": hexutil.Uint64(parsedTx.EthTxIndex),

		// sender and receiver (contract or EOA) addreses
		"from": from,
		"to":   txData.GetTo(),
	}

	if logs == nil {
		receipt["logs"] = [][]*ethtypes.Log{}
	}

	// If the ContractAddress is 20 0x0 bytes, assume it is not a contract creation
	if txData.GetTo() == nil {
		receipt["contractAddress"] = crypto.CreateAddress(from, txData.GetNonce())
	}

	if dynamicTx, ok := txData.(*evmtypes.DynamicFeeTx); ok {
		baseFee, err := e.backend.BaseFee(blockRes)
		if err != nil {
			// tolerate the error for pruned node.
			e.logger.Error("fetch basefee failed, node is pruned?", "height", res.Height, "error", err)
		} else {
			receipt["effectiveGasPrice"] = hexutil.Big(*dynamicTx.EffectiveGasPrice(baseFee))
		}
	}

	return receipt, nil
}

// GetPendingTransactions returns the transactions that are in the transaction pool
// and have a from address that is one of the accounts this node manages.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetPendingTransactions() ([]*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getPendingTransactions")

	txs, err := e.backend.PendingTransactions()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	result := make([]*rpctypes.RPCTransaction, 0, len(txs))
	for _, tx := range txs {
		for _, msg := range (*tx).GetMsgs() {
			ethMsg, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx)
			if !ok {
				// not valid ethereum tx
				break
			}

			rpctx, err := rpctypes.NewTransactionFromMsg(
				ethMsg,
				common.Hash{},
				uint64(0),
				uint64(0),
				nil,
			)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			result = append(result, rpctx)
		}
	}

	return result, nil
}

// GetUncleByBlockHashAndIndex returns the uncle identified by hash and index. Always returns nil.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetUncleByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, idx hexutil.Uint) map[string]interface{} {
	return nil
}

// GetUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex returns the uncle identified by number and index. Always returns nil.
func (e *PublicAPI) GetUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(number, idx hexutil.Uint) map[string]interface{} {
	return nil
}

// GetProof returns an account object with proof and any storage proofs
func (e *PublicAPI) GetProof(address common.Address, storageKeys []string, blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (*rpctypes.AccountResult, error) {
	e.logger.Debug("eth_getProof", "address", address.Hex(), "keys", storageKeys, "block number or hash", blockNrOrHash)

	blockNum, err := e.getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	height := blockNum.Int64()
	ctx := rpctypes.ContextWithHeight(height)

	// if the height is equal to zero, meaning the query condition of the block is either "pending" or "latest"
	if height == 0 {
		bn, err := e.backend.BlockNumber()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if bn > math.MaxInt64 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("not able to query block number greater than MaxInt64")
		}

		height = int64(bn)
	}

	clientCtx := e.clientCtx.WithHeight(height)

	// query storage proofs
	storageProofs := make([]rpctypes.StorageResult, len(storageKeys))

	for i, key := range storageKeys {
		hexKey := common.HexToHash(key)
		valueBz, proof, err := e.queryClient.GetProof(clientCtx, evmtypes.StoreKey, evmtypes.StateKey(address, hexKey.Bytes()))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// check for proof
		var proofStr string
		if proof != nil {
			proofStr = proof.String()
		}

		storageProofs[i] = rpctypes.StorageResult{
			Key:   key,
			Value: (*hexutil.Big)(new(big.Int).SetBytes(valueBz)),
			Proof: []string{proofStr},
		}
	}

	// query EVM account
	req := &evmtypes.QueryAccountRequest{
		Address: address.String(),
	}

	res, err := e.queryClient.Account(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// query account proofs
	accountKey := authtypes.AddressStoreKey(sdk.AccAddress(address.Bytes()))
	_, proof, err := e.queryClient.GetProof(clientCtx, authtypes.StoreKey, accountKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// check for proof
	var accProofStr string
	if proof != nil {
		accProofStr = proof.String()
	}

	balance, ok := sdkmath.NewIntFromString(res.Balance)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.New("invalid balance")
	}

	return &rpctypes.AccountResult{
		Address:      address,
		AccountProof: []string{accProofStr},
		Balance:      (*hexutil.Big)(balance.BigInt()),
		CodeHash:     common.HexToHash(res.CodeHash),
		Nonce:        hexutil.Uint64(res.Nonce),
		StorageHash:  common.Hash{}, // NOTE: Ethermint doesn't have a storage hash. TODO: implement?
		StorageProof: storageProofs,
	}, nil
}

// getBlockNumber returns the BlockNumber from BlockNumberOrHash
func (e *PublicAPI) getBlockNumber(blockNrOrHash rpctypes.BlockNumberOrHash) (rpctypes.BlockNumber, error) {
	switch {
	case blockNrOrHash.BlockHash == nil && blockNrOrHash.BlockNumber == nil:
		return rpctypes.EthEarliestBlockNumber, fmt.Errorf("types BlockHash and BlockNumber cannot be both nil")
	case blockNrOrHash.BlockHash != nil:
		blockNumber, err := e.backend.GetBlockNumberByHash(*blockNrOrHash.BlockHash)
		if err != nil {
			return rpctypes.EthEarliestBlockNumber, err
		}
		return rpctypes.NewBlockNumber(blockNumber), nil
	case blockNrOrHash.BlockNumber != nil:
		return *blockNrOrHash.BlockNumber, nil
	default:
		return rpctypes.EthEarliestBlockNumber, nil
	}
}