package ante import ( "math/big" sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types" sdkerrors "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors" authante "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/ante" "github.com/palantir/stacktrace" ethermint "github.com/tharsis/ethermint/types" evmtypes "github.com/tharsis/ethermint/x/evm/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core" ethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" ) // EVMKeeper defines the expected keeper interface used on the Eth AnteHandler type EVMKeeper interface { vm.StateDB ChainID() *big.Int GetParams(ctx sdk.Context) evmtypes.Params GetChainConfig(ctx sdk.Context) (evmtypes.ChainConfig, bool) WithContext(ctx sdk.Context) ResetRefundTransient(ctx sdk.Context) NewEVM(msg core.Message, config *params.ChainConfig) *vm.EVM GetCodeHash(addr common.Address) common.Hash } // EthSigVerificationDecorator validates an ethereum signatures type EthSigVerificationDecorator struct { evmKeeper EVMKeeper } // NewEthSigVerificationDecorator creates a new EthSigVerificationDecorator func NewEthSigVerificationDecorator(ek EVMKeeper) EthSigVerificationDecorator { return EthSigVerificationDecorator{ evmKeeper: ek, } } // AnteHandle validates checks that the registered chain id is the same as the one on the message, and // that the signer address matches the one defined on the message. // It's not skipped for RecheckTx, because it set `From` address which is critical from other ante handler to work. // Failure in RecheckTx will prevent tx to be included into block, especially when CheckTx succeed, in which case user // won't see the error message. func (esvd EthSigVerificationDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) { if tx == nil || len(tx.GetMsgs()) != 1 { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidRequest, "only 1 ethereum msg supported per tx"), "", ) } chainID := esvd.evmKeeper.ChainID() config, found := esvd.evmKeeper.GetChainConfig(ctx) if !found { return ctx, evmtypes.ErrChainConfigNotFound } ethCfg := config.EthereumConfig(chainID) blockNum := big.NewInt(ctx.BlockHeight()) signer := ethtypes.MakeSigner(ethCfg, blockNum) msg := tx.GetMsgs()[0] msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction", ) } sender, err := signer.Sender(msgEthTx.AsTransaction()) if err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrorInvalidSigner, err.Error()), "couldn't retrieve sender address ('%s') from the ethereum transaction", msgEthTx.From, ) } // set up the sender to the transaction field if not already msgEthTx.From = sender.Hex() return next(ctx, msgEthTx, simulate) } // EthAccountVerificationDecorator validates an account balance checks type EthAccountVerificationDecorator struct { ak AccountKeeper bankKeeper BankKeeper evmKeeper EVMKeeper } // NewEthAccountVerificationDecorator creates a new EthAccountVerificationDecorator func NewEthAccountVerificationDecorator(ak AccountKeeper, bankKeeper BankKeeper, ek EVMKeeper) EthAccountVerificationDecorator { return EthAccountVerificationDecorator{ ak: ak, bankKeeper: bankKeeper, evmKeeper: ek, } } // AnteHandle validates checks that the sender balance is greater than the total transaction cost. // The account will be set to store if it doesn't exis, i.e cannot be found on store. // This AnteHandler decorator will fail if: // - any of the msgs is not a MsgEthereumTx // - from address is empty // - account balance is lower than the transaction cost func (avd EthAccountVerificationDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) { if !ctx.IsCheckTx() { return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } avd.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) evmDenom := avd.evmKeeper.GetParams(ctx).EvmDenom for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } // sender address should be in the tx cache from the previous AnteHandle call from := msgEthTx.GetFrom() if from.Empty() { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidAddress, "from address cannot be empty"), "sender address should have been in the tx field from the previous AnteHandle call", ) } // check whether the sender address is EOA fromAddr := common.BytesToAddress(from) codeHash := avd.evmKeeper.GetCodeHash(fromAddr) if codeHash != common.BytesToHash(evmtypes.EmptyCodeHash) { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate(sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidType, "the sender is not EOA: address <%v>, codeHash <%s>", fromAddr, codeHash), "") } acc := avd.ak.GetAccount(ctx, from) if acc == nil { acc = avd.ak.NewAccountWithAddress(ctx, from) avd.ak.SetAccount(ctx, acc) } // validate sender has enough funds to pay for tx cost balance := avd.bankKeeper.GetBalance(ctx, from, evmDenom) if balance.Amount.BigInt().Cmp(msgEthTx.Cost()) < 0 { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf( sdkerrors.ErrInsufficientFunds, "sender balance < tx cost (%s < %s%s)", balance, msgEthTx.Cost(), evmDenom, ), "sender should have had enough funds to pay for tx cost = fee + amount (%s = %s + amount)", msgEthTx.Cost(), msgEthTx.Fee(), ) } } // recover the original gas meter avd.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // EthNonceVerificationDecorator checks that the account nonce from the transaction matches // the sender account sequence. type EthNonceVerificationDecorator struct { ak AccountKeeper } // NewEthNonceVerificationDecorator creates a new EthNonceVerificationDecorator func NewEthNonceVerificationDecorator(ak AccountKeeper) EthNonceVerificationDecorator { return EthNonceVerificationDecorator{ ak: ak, } } // AnteHandle validates that the transaction nonces are valid and equivalent to the sender account’s // current nonce. func (nvd EthNonceVerificationDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) { // no need to check the nonce on ReCheckTx if ctx.IsReCheckTx() { return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } // sender address should be in the tx cache from the previous AnteHandle call seq, err := nvd.ak.GetSequence(ctx, msgEthTx.GetFrom()) if err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate(err, "sequence not found for address %s", msgEthTx.From) } // if multiple transactions are submitted in succession with increasing nonces, // all will be rejected except the first, since the first needs to be included in a block // before the sequence increments if msgEthTx.Data.Nonce != seq { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf( sdkerrors.ErrInvalidSequence, "invalid nonce; got %d, expected %d", msgEthTx.Data.Nonce, seq, ), "", ) } } return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // EthGasConsumeDecorator validates enough intrinsic gas for the transaction and // gas consumption. type EthGasConsumeDecorator struct { ak AccountKeeper bankKeeper BankKeeper evmKeeper EVMKeeper } // NewEthGasConsumeDecorator creates a new EthGasConsumeDecorator func NewEthGasConsumeDecorator(ak AccountKeeper, bankKeeper BankKeeper, ek EVMKeeper) EthGasConsumeDecorator { return EthGasConsumeDecorator{ ak: ak, bankKeeper: bankKeeper, evmKeeper: ek, } } // AnteHandle validates that the Ethereum tx message has enough to cover intrinsic gas // (during CheckTx only) and that the sender has enough balance to pay for the gas cost. // // Intrinsic gas for a transaction is the amount of gas that the transaction uses before the // transaction is executed. The gas is a constant value plus any cost inccured by additional bytes // of data supplied with the transaction. // // This AnteHandler decorator will fail if: // - the transaction contains more than one message // - the message is not a MsgEthereumTx // - sender account cannot be found // - transaction's gas limit is lower than the intrinsic gas // - user doesn't have enough balance to deduct the transaction fees (gas_limit * gas_price) // - transaction or block gas meter runs out of gas func (egcd EthGasConsumeDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) { // reset the refund gas value in the keeper for the current transaction egcd.evmKeeper.ResetRefundTransient(ctx) config, found := egcd.evmKeeper.GetChainConfig(ctx) if !found { return ctx, evmtypes.ErrChainConfigNotFound } ethCfg := config.EthereumConfig(egcd.evmKeeper.ChainID()) blockHeight := big.NewInt(ctx.BlockHeight()) homestead := ethCfg.IsHomestead(blockHeight) istanbul := ethCfg.IsIstanbul(blockHeight) for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } isContractCreation := msgEthTx.To() == nil // fetch sender account from signature signerAcc, err := authante.GetSignerAcc(ctx, egcd.ak, msgEthTx.GetFrom()) if err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate(err, "account not found for sender %s", msgEthTx.From) } gasLimit := msgEthTx.GetGas() var accessList ethtypes.AccessList if msgEthTx.Data.Accesses != nil { accessList = *msgEthTx.Data.Accesses.ToEthAccessList() } intrinsicGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(msgEthTx.Data.Input, accessList, isContractCreation, homestead, istanbul) if err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrap(err, "failed to compute intrinsic gas cost"), "failed to retrieve intrinsic gas, contract creation = %t; homestead = %t, istanbul = %t", isContractCreation, homestead, istanbul) } // intrinsic gas verification during CheckTx if ctx.IsCheckTx() && gasLimit < intrinsicGas { return ctx, sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrOutOfGas, "gas limit too low: %d (gas limit) < %d (intrinsic gas)", gasLimit, intrinsicGas) } // calculate the fees paid to validators based on gas limit and price feeAmt := msgEthTx.Fee() // fee = gas limit * gas price evmDenom := egcd.evmKeeper.GetParams(ctx).EvmDenom fees := sdk.Coins{sdk.NewCoin(evmDenom, sdk.NewIntFromBigInt(feeAmt))} // deduct the full gas cost from the user balance if err := authante.DeductFees(egcd.bankKeeper, ctx, signerAcc, fees); err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( err, "failed to deduct full gas cost %s from the user %s balance", fees, msgEthTx.From, ) } } // TODO: deprecate after https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/9514 is fixed on SDK blockGasLimit := ethermint.BlockGasLimit(ctx) // NOTE: safety check if blockGasLimit > 0 { // generate a copy of the gas pool (i.e block gas meter) to see if we've run out of gas for this block // if current gas consumed is greater than the limit, this funcion panics and the error is recovered on the Baseapp gasPool := sdk.NewGasMeter(blockGasLimit) gasPool.ConsumeGas(ctx.GasMeter().GasConsumedToLimit(), "gas pool check") } // we know that we have enough gas on the pool to cover the intrinsic gas // set up the updated context to the evm Keeper egcd.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // CanTransferDecorator checks if the sender is allowed to transfer funds according to the EVM block // context rules. type CanTransferDecorator struct { evmKeeper EVMKeeper } // NewCanTransferDecorator creates a new CanTransferDecorator instance. func NewCanTransferDecorator(evmKeeper EVMKeeper) CanTransferDecorator { return CanTransferDecorator{ evmKeeper: evmKeeper, } } // AnteHandle creates an EVM from the message and calls the BlockContext CanTransfer function to // see if the address can execute the transaction. func (ctd CanTransferDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (sdk.Context, error) { ctd.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) config, found := ctd.evmKeeper.GetChainConfig(ctx) if !found { return ctx, evmtypes.ErrChainConfigNotFound } ethCfg := config.EthereumConfig(ctd.evmKeeper.ChainID()) signer := ethtypes.MakeSigner(ethCfg, big.NewInt(ctx.BlockHeight())) for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } coreMsg, err := msgEthTx.AsMessage(signer) if err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( err, "failed to create an ethereum core.Message from signer %T", signer, ) } evm := ctd.evmKeeper.NewEVM(coreMsg, ethCfg) // check that caller has enough balance to cover asset transfer for **topmost** call // NOTE: here the gas consumed is from the context with the infinite gas meter if coreMsg.Value().Sign() > 0 && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(ctd.evmKeeper, coreMsg.From(), coreMsg.Value()) { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrInsufficientFunds, "address %s", coreMsg.From()), "failed to transfer %s using the EVM block context transfer function", coreMsg.Value(), ) } } ctd.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) // set the original gas meter return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // AccessListDecorator prepare an access list for the sender if Yolov3/Berlin/EIPs 2929 and 2930 are // applicable at the current block number. type AccessListDecorator struct { evmKeeper EVMKeeper } // NewAccessListDecorator creates a new AccessListDecorator. func NewAccessListDecorator(evmKeeper EVMKeeper) AccessListDecorator { return AccessListDecorator{ evmKeeper: evmKeeper, } } // AnteHandle handles the preparatory steps for executing an EVM state transition with // regards to both EIP-2929 and EIP-2930: // // - Add sender to access list (2929) // - Add destination to access list (2929) // - Add precompiles to access list (2929) // - Add the contents of the optional tx access list (2930) // // The AnteHandler will only prepare the access list if Yolov3/Berlin/EIPs 2929 and 2930 are applicable at the current number. func (ald AccessListDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (sdk.Context, error) { config, found := ald.evmKeeper.GetChainConfig(ctx) if !found { return ctx, evmtypes.ErrChainConfigNotFound } ethCfg := config.EthereumConfig(ald.evmKeeper.ChainID()) rules := ethCfg.Rules(big.NewInt(ctx.BlockHeight())) // we don't need to prepare the access list if the chain is not currently on the Berlin upgrade if !rules.IsBerlin { return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // setup the keeper context before setting the access list ald.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } sender := common.BytesToAddress(msgEthTx.GetFrom()) ald.evmKeeper.PrepareAccessList(sender, msgEthTx.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), *msgEthTx.Data.Accesses.ToEthAccessList()) } // set the original gas meter ald.evmKeeper.WithContext(ctx) return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator increments the sequence of the signers. type EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator struct { ak AccountKeeper } // NewEthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator creates a new EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator. func NewEthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator(ak AccountKeeper) EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator { return EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator{ ak: ak, } } // AnteHandle handles incrementing the sequence of the signer (i.e sender). If the transaction is a // contract creation, the nonce will be incremented during the transaction execution and not within // this AnteHandler decorator. func (issd EthIncrementSenderSequenceDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (sdk.Context, error) { for i, msg := range tx.GetMsgs() { msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx) if !ok { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction type %T, expected %T", tx, &evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx{}), "failed to cast transaction %d", i, ) } // NOTE: on contract creation, the nonce is incremented within the EVM Create function during tx execution // and not previous to the state transition ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ if msgEthTx.To() == nil { // contract creation, don't increment sequence on AnteHandler but on tx execution // continue to the next item continue } // increment sequence of all signers for _, addr := range msg.GetSigners() { acc := issd.ak.GetAccount(ctx, addr) if acc == nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate( sdkerrors.Wrapf( sdkerrors.ErrUnknownAddress, "account %s (%s) is nil", common.BytesToAddress(addr.Bytes()), addr, ), "signer account not found", ) } if err := acc.SetSequence(acc.GetSequence() + 1); err != nil { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate(err, "failed to set sequence to %d", acc.GetSequence()+1) } issd.ak.SetAccount(ctx, acc) } } // set the original gas meter return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // EthValidateBasicDecorator is adapted from ValidateBasicDecorator from cosmos-sdk, it ignores ErrNoSignatures type EthValidateBasicDecorator struct{} // NewEthValidateBasicDecorator creates a new EthValidateBasicDecorator func NewEthValidateBasicDecorator() EthValidateBasicDecorator { return EthValidateBasicDecorator{} } // AnteHandle handles basic validation of tx func (vbd EthValidateBasicDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (sdk.Context, error) { // no need to validate basic on recheck tx, call next antehandler if ctx.IsReCheckTx() { return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } err := tx.ValidateBasic() // ErrNoSignatures is fine with eth tx if err != nil && err != sdkerrors.ErrNoSignatures { return ctx, stacktrace.Propagate(err, "tx basic validation failed") } return next(ctx, tx, simulate) } // EthSetupContextDecorator is adapted from SetUpContextDecorator from cosmos-sdk, it ignores gas consumption // by setting the gas meter to infinite type EthSetupContextDecorator struct{} func NewEthSetUpContextDecorator() EthSetupContextDecorator { return EthSetupContextDecorator{} } func (esc EthSetupContextDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) { // all transactions must implement GasTx _, ok := tx.(authante.GasTx) if !ok { return newCtx, sdkerrors.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrTxDecode, "Tx must be GasTx") } newCtx = ctx.WithGasMeter(sdk.NewInfiniteGasMeter()) return next(newCtx, tx, simulate) }