Merge pull request #478 from cosmos/bez/477-re-intro-embedded-tx

R4R: Reintroduce Embedded Transactions

app/ethermint.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cosmos/ethermint/handlers"
 	"github.com/cosmos/ethermint/types"
 
-	ethparams "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	ethcmn "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 
 	abci "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/abci/types"
 	tmcmn "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/common"
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ type (
 // NewEthermintApp returns a reference to a new initialized Ethermint
 // application.
 func NewEthermintApp(
-	logger tmlog.Logger, db dbm.DB, ethChainCfg *ethparams.ChainConfig, baseAppOptions ...func(*bam.BaseApp),
+	logger tmlog.Logger, db dbm.DB, sdkAddr ethcmn.Address, baseAppOpts ...func(*bam.BaseApp),
 ) *EthermintApp {
 
 	codec := CreateCodec()
 	app := &EthermintApp{
-		BaseApp:     bam.NewBaseApp(appName, logger, db, types.TxDecoder(codec), baseAppOptions...),
+		BaseApp:     bam.NewBaseApp(appName, logger, db, types.TxDecoder(codec, sdkAddr), baseAppOpts...),
 		codec:       codec,
 		accountKey:  sdk.NewKVStoreKey("acc"),
 		mainKey:     sdk.NewKVStoreKey("main"),
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (app *EthermintApp) initChainer(ctx sdk.Context, req abci.RequestInitChain)
 }
 
 // CreateCodec creates a new amino wire codec and registers all the necessary
-// structures and interfaces needed for the application.
+// concrete types and interfaces needed for the application.
 func CreateCodec() *wire.Codec {
 	codec := wire.NewCodec()
 

docs/spec/transactions/README.md

@@ -6,15 +6,30 @@ and subject to change.
 ## Routing
 
 Ethermint needs to parse and handle transactions routed for both the EVM and for
-the Cosmos hub. We attempt to achieve this by mimicking [Geth's](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum) `Transaction` structure to handle
+the Cosmos hub. We attempt to achieve this by mimicking [Geth's](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum) `Transaction` structure and utilizing
-Ethereum transactions and utilizing the SDK's `auth.StdTx` for Cosmos
+the `Payload` as the potential encoding of a Cosmos-routed transaction. What
-transactions. Both of these structures are registered with an [Amino](https://github.com/tendermint/go-amino) codec, so the `TxDecoder` that in invoked
+designates this encoding, and ultimately routing, is the `Recipient` address --
-during the `BaseApp#runTx`, will be able to decode raw transaction bytes into the
+if this address matches some global unique predefined and configured address,
-appropriate transaction type which will then be passed onto handlers downstream.
+we regard it as a transaction meant for Cosmos, otherwise, the transaction is a
+pure Ethereum transaction and will be executed in the EVM.
+
+For Cosmos routed transactions, the `Transaction.Payload` will contain an [Amino](https://github.com/tendermint/go-amino) encoded embedded transaction that must
+implement the `sdk.Tx` interface. Note, the embedding (outer) `Transaction` is
+still RLP encoded in order to preserve compatibility with existing tooling. In
+addition, at launch, Ethermint will only support the `auth.StdTx` embedded Cosmos
+transaction type.
+
+Being that Ethermint implements the Tendermint ABCI application interface, as
+transactions are consumed, they are passed through a series of handlers. Once such
+handler, `runTx`, is responsible for invoking the `TxDecoder` which performs the
+business logic of properly deserializing raw transaction bytes into either an
+Ethereum transaction or a Cosmos transaction.
 
 __Note__: Our goal is to utilize Geth as a library, at least as much as possible,
 so it should be expected that these types and the operations you may perform on
 them will keep in line with Ethereum (e.g. signature algorithms and gas/fees).
+In addition, we aim to have existing tooling and frameworks in the Ethereum
+ecosystem have 100% compatibility with creating transactions in Ethermint.
 
 ## Transactions & Messages
 
@@ -33,16 +48,16 @@ no distinction between transactions and messages.
 Ethermint supports [EIP-155](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-155.md)
 signatures. A `Transaction` is expected to have a single signature for Ethereum
 routed transactions. However, just as in Cosmos, Ethermint will support multiple
-signers for `auth.StdTx` Cosmos routed transactions. Signatures over the
+signers for embedded Cosmos routed transactions. Signatures over the
-`Transaction` type are identical to Ethereum. However, the `auth.StdTx` contains
+`Transaction` type are identical to Ethereum. However, the embedded transaction contains
 a canonical signature structure that contains the signature itself and other
 information such as an account's sequence number. This, in addition to the chainID,
 helps prevent "replay attacks", where the same message could be executed over and
 over again.
 
-An `auth.StdTx` list of signatures must much the unique list of addresses returned
+An embedded transaction's list of signatures must much the unique list of addresses
-by each message's `GetSigners` call. In addition, the address of first signer of
+returned by each message's `GetSigners` call. In addition, the address of first
-the `auth.StdTx` is responsible for paying the fees.
+signer of the embedded transaction is responsible for paying the fees.
 
 ## Gas & Fees
 

handlers/ante.go

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/cosmos/ethermint/types"
 	ethcmn "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-
-	ethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ func AnteHandler(am auth.AccountMapper, _ auth.FeeCollectionKeeper) sdk.AnteHand
 
 		switch tx := tx.(type) {
 		case types.Transaction:
-			gasLimit = int64(tx.Data.GasLimit)
+			gasLimit = int64(tx.Data().GasLimit)
 			handler = handleEthTx
 		case auth.StdTx:
 			gasLimit = tx.Fee.Gas
@@ -91,16 +89,28 @@ func handleEthTx(sdkCtx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, am auth.AccountMapper) (sdk.Cont
 		return sdkCtx, sdk.ErrInternal(fmt.Sprintf("invalid chainID: %s", sdkCtx.ChainID())).Result(), true
 	}
 
-	// validate signature
+	sdkCtx.GasMeter().ConsumeGas(verifySigCost, "ante: verify Ethereum signature")
-	gethTx := ethTx.ConvertTx(chainID)
-	signer := ethtypes.NewEIP155Signer(chainID)
 
-	_, err := signer.Sender(&gethTx)
+	addr, err := ethTx.VerifySig(chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return sdkCtx, sdk.ErrUnauthorized("signature verification failed").Result(), true
 	}
 
-	return sdkCtx, sdk.Result{GasWanted: int64(ethTx.Data.GasLimit)}, false
+	acc := am.GetAccount(sdkCtx, addr.Bytes())
+
+	// validate the account nonce (referred to as sequence in the AccountMapper)
+	seq := acc.GetSequence()
+	if ethTx.Data().AccountNonce != uint64(seq) {
+		return sdkCtx, sdk.ErrInvalidSequence(fmt.Sprintf("invalid account nonce; expected: %d", seq)).Result(), true
+	}
+
+	err = acc.SetSequence(seq + 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return sdkCtx, sdk.ErrInternal(err.Error()).Result(), true
+	}
+
+	am.SetAccount(sdkCtx, acc)
+	return sdkCtx, sdk.Result{GasWanted: int64(ethTx.Data().GasLimit)}, false
 }
 
 // handleEmbeddedTx implements an ante handler for an SDK transaction. It
@@ -122,15 +132,15 @@ func handleEmbeddedTx(sdkCtx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, am auth.AccountMapper) (sdk
 	for i, sig := range stdTx.Signatures {
 		signer := ethcmn.BytesToAddress(signerAddrs[i].Bytes())
 
-		signerAcc, err := validateSignature(sdkCtx, stdTx, signer, sig, am)
+		acc, err := validateSignature(sdkCtx, stdTx, signer, sig, am)
 		if err.Code() != sdk.CodeOK {
-			return sdkCtx, err.Result(), false
+			return sdkCtx, err.Result(), true
 		}
 
 		// TODO: Fees!
 
-		am.SetAccount(sdkCtx, signerAcc)
+		am.SetAccount(sdkCtx, acc)
-		signerAccs[i] = signerAcc
+		signerAccs[i] = acc
 	}
 
 	newCtx := auth.WithSigners(sdkCtx, signerAccs)

types/test_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// nolint
+package types
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"math/big"
+
+	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/wire"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
+	ethcmn "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	ethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	ethcrypto "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+var (
+	TestSDKAddr = GenerateEthAddress()
+	TestChainID = big.NewInt(3)
+
+	TestPrivKey1, _ = ethcrypto.GenerateKey()
+	TestPrivKey2, _ = ethcrypto.GenerateKey()
+
+	TestAddr1 = PrivKeyToEthAddress(TestPrivKey1)
+	TestAddr2 = PrivKeyToEthAddress(TestPrivKey2)
+)
+
+func NewTestCodec() *wire.Codec {
+	codec := wire.NewCodec()
+
+	RegisterWire(codec)
+	auth.RegisterWire(codec)
+	wire.RegisterCrypto(codec)
+	codec.RegisterConcrete(&sdk.TestMsg{}, "test/TestMsg", nil)
+
+	return codec
+}
+
+func NewTestStdFee() auth.StdFee {
+	return auth.NewStdFee(5000, sdk.NewCoin("photon", sdk.NewInt(150)))
+}
+
+func NewTestStdTx(
+	chainID *big.Int, msgs []sdk.Msg, accNums []int64, seqs []int64, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey, fee auth.StdFee,
+) sdk.Tx {
+
+	sigs := make([]auth.StdSignature, len(pKeys))
+
+	for i, priv := range pKeys {
+		signBytes := GetStdTxSignBytes(chainID.String(), accNums[i], seqs[i], NewTestStdFee(), msgs, "")
+
+		sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, priv)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		sigs[i] = auth.StdSignature{Signature: sig, AccountNumber: accNums[i], Sequence: seqs[i]}
+	}
+
+	return auth.NewStdTx(msgs, fee, sigs, "")
+}
+
+func NewTestGethTxs(
+	chainID *big.Int, seqs []int64, addrs []ethcmn.Address, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey,
+) []*ethtypes.Transaction {
+
+	txs := make([]*ethtypes.Transaction, len(pKeys))
+
+	for i, privKey := range pKeys {
+		ethTx := ethtypes.NewTransaction(
+			uint64(seqs[i]), addrs[i], big.NewInt(10), 1000, big.NewInt(100), []byte{},
+		)
+
+		signer := ethtypes.NewEIP155Signer(chainID)
+
+		ethTx, err := ethtypes.SignTx(ethTx, signer, privKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		txs[i] = ethTx
+	}
+
+	return txs
+}
+
+func NewTestEthTxs(
+	chainID *big.Int, seqs []int64, addrs []ethcmn.Address, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey,
+) []*Transaction {
+
+	txs := make([]*Transaction, len(pKeys))
+
+	for i, privKey := range pKeys {
+		ethTx := NewTransaction(
+			uint64(seqs[i]), addrs[i], big.NewInt(10), 1000, big.NewInt(100), []byte{},
+		)
+
+		ethTx.Sign(chainID, privKey)
+		txs[i] = ethTx
+	}
+
+	return txs
+}
+
+func NewTestSDKTxs(
+	codec *wire.Codec, chainID *big.Int, to ethcmn.Address, msgs []sdk.Msg,
+	accNums []int64, seqs []int64, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey, fee auth.StdFee,
+) []*Transaction {
+
+	txs := make([]*Transaction, len(pKeys))
+	stdTx := NewTestStdTx(chainID, msgs, accNums, seqs, pKeys, fee)
+	payload := codec.MustMarshalBinary(stdTx)
+
+	for i, privKey := range pKeys {
+		ethTx := NewTransaction(uint64(seqs[i]), to, big.NewInt(10), 1000, big.NewInt(100), payload)
+
+		ethTx.Sign(chainID, privKey)
+		txs[i] = ethTx
+	}
+
+	return txs
+}

types/tx.go

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math/big"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
@@ -13,17 +15,20 @@ import (
 	ethcrypto "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	ethsha "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/sha3"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-var _ sdk.Tx = (*Transaction)(nil)
-
 const (
 	// TypeTxEthereum reflects an Ethereum Transaction type.
 	TypeTxEthereum = "Ethereum"
 )
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ethereum transaction
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var _ sdk.Tx = (*Transaction)(nil)
+
 type (
 	// Transaction implements the Ethereum transaction structure as an exact
 	// replica. It implements the Cosmos sdk.Tx interface. Due to the private
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ type (
 	// Note: The transaction also implements the sdk.Msg interface to perform
 	// basic validation that is done in the BaseApp.
 	Transaction struct {
-		Data TxData
+		data TxData
 
 		// caches
 		hash atomic.Value
@@ -41,96 +46,136 @@ type (
 		from atomic.Value
 	}
 
-	// TxData defines internal Ethereum transaction information
+	// TxData implements the Ethereum transaction data structure as an exact
+	// copy. It is used solely as intended in Ethereum abiding by the protocol
+	// except for the payload field which may embed a Cosmos SDK transaction.
 	TxData struct {
 		AccountNonce uint64          `json:"nonce"`
-		Price        sdk.Int         `json:"gasPrice"`
+		Price        *big.Int        `json:"gasPrice"`
 		GasLimit     uint64          `json:"gas"`
-		Recipient    *ethcmn.Address `json:"to"` // nil means contract creation
+		Recipient    *ethcmn.Address `json:"to" rlp:"nil"` // nil means contract creation
-		Amount       sdk.Int         `json:"value"`
+		Amount       *big.Int        `json:"value"`
 		Payload      []byte          `json:"input"`
-		Signature    *EthSignature   `json:"signature"`
+
+		// signature values
+		V *big.Int `json:"v"`
+		R *big.Int `json:"r"`
+		S *big.Int `json:"s"`
 
 		// hash is only used when marshaling to JSON
-		Hash *ethcmn.Hash `json:"hash"`
+		Hash *ethcmn.Hash `json:"hash" rlp:"-"`
 	}
 
-	// EthSignature reflects an Ethereum signature. We wrap this in a structure
+	// sigCache is used to cache the derived sender and contains the signer used
-	// to support Amino serialization of transactions.
+	// to derive it.
-	EthSignature struct {
+	sigCache struct {
-		v, r, s *big.Int
+		signer ethtypes.Signer
+		from   ethcmn.Address
 	}
 )
 
-// NewEthSignature returns a new instantiated Ethereum signature.
+// NewTransaction returns a reference to a new Ethereum transaction.
-func NewEthSignature(v, r, s *big.Int) *EthSignature {
-	return &EthSignature{v, r, s}
-}
-
-func (es *EthSignature) sanitize() {
-	if es.v == nil {
-		es.v = new(big.Int)
-	}
-	if es.r == nil {
-		es.r = new(big.Int)
-	}
-	if es.s == nil {
-		es.s = new(big.Int)
-	}
-}
-
-// MarshalAmino defines a custom encoding scheme for a EthSignature.
-func (es EthSignature) MarshalAmino() ([3]string, error) {
-	es.sanitize()
-	return ethSigMarshalAmino(es)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalAmino defines a custom decoding scheme for a EthSignature.
-func (es *EthSignature) UnmarshalAmino(raw [3]string) error {
-	es.sanitize()
-	return ethSigUnmarshalAmino(es, raw)
-}
-
-// NewTransaction mimics ethereum's NewTransaction function. It returns a
-// reference to a new Ethereum Transaction.
 func NewTransaction(
-	nonce uint64, to ethcmn.Address, amount sdk.Int,
+	nonce uint64, to ethcmn.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, payload []byte,
-	gasLimit uint64, gasPrice sdk.Int, payload []byte,
+) *Transaction {
-) Transaction {
+
+	return newTransaction(nonce, &to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, payload)
+}
+
+// NewContractCreation returns a reference to a new Ethereum transaction
+// designated for contract creation.
+func NewContractCreation(
+	nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, payload []byte,
+) *Transaction {
+
+	return newTransaction(nonce, nil, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, payload)
+}
+
+func newTransaction(
+	nonce uint64, to *ethcmn.Address, amount *big.Int,
+	gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, payload []byte,
+) *Transaction {
 
 	if len(payload) > 0 {
 		payload = ethcmn.CopyBytes(payload)
 	}
 
 	txData := TxData{
-		Recipient:    &to,
 		AccountNonce: nonce,
+		Recipient:    to,
 		Payload:      payload,
 		GasLimit:     gasLimit,
-		Amount:       amount,
+		Amount:       new(big.Int),
-		Price:        gasPrice,
+		Price:        new(big.Int),
-		Signature:    NewEthSignature(new(big.Int), new(big.Int), new(big.Int)),
+		V:            new(big.Int),
+		R:            new(big.Int),
+		S:            new(big.Int),
 	}
 
-	return Transaction{Data: txData}
+	if amount != nil {
+		txData.Amount.Set(amount)
+	}
+	if gasPrice != nil {
+		txData.Price.Set(gasPrice)
+	}
+
+	return &Transaction{data: txData}
+}
+
+// Data returns the Transaction's data.
+func (tx Transaction) Data() TxData {
+	return tx.data
+}
+
+// EncodeRLP implements the rlp.Encoder interface.
+func (tx *Transaction) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
+	return rlp.Encode(w, &tx.data)
+}
+
+// DecodeRLP implements the rlp.Decoder interface.
+func (tx *Transaction) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
+	_, size, _ := s.Kind()
+	err := s.Decode(&tx.data)
+	if err == nil {
+		tx.size.Store(ethcmn.StorageSize(rlp.ListSize(size)))
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// Hash hashes the RLP encoding of a transaction.
+func (tx *Transaction) Hash() ethcmn.Hash {
+	if hash := tx.hash.Load(); hash != nil {
+		return hash.(ethcmn.Hash)
+	}
+
+	v := rlpHash(tx)
+	tx.hash.Store(v)
+	return v
+}
+
+// SigHash returns the RLP hash of a transaction with a given chainID used for
+// signing.
+func (tx Transaction) SigHash(chainID *big.Int) ethcmn.Hash {
+	return rlpHash([]interface{}{
+		tx.data.AccountNonce,
+		tx.data.Price,
+		tx.data.GasLimit,
+		tx.data.Recipient,
+		tx.data.Amount,
+		tx.data.Payload,
+		chainID, uint(0), uint(0),
+	})
 }
 
 // Sign calculates a secp256k1 ECDSA signature and signs the transaction. It
 // takes a private key and chainID to sign an Ethereum transaction according to
 // EIP155 standard. It mutates the transaction as it populates the V, R, S
 // fields of the Transaction's Signature.
-func (tx *Transaction) Sign(chainID sdk.Int, priv *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
+func (tx *Transaction) Sign(chainID *big.Int, priv *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
-	h := rlpHash([]interface{}{
+	txHash := tx.SigHash(chainID)
-		tx.Data.AccountNonce,
-		tx.Data.Price.BigInt(),
-		tx.Data.GasLimit,
-		tx.Data.Recipient,
-		tx.Data.Amount.BigInt(),
-		tx.Data.Payload,
-		chainID.BigInt(), uint(0), uint(0),
-	})
 
-	sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(h[:], priv)
+	sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(txHash[:], priv)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -147,13 +192,48 @@ func (tx *Transaction) Sign(chainID sdk.Int, priv *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
 		v = new(big.Int).SetBytes([]byte{sig[64] + 27})
 	} else {
 		v = big.NewInt(int64(sig[64] + 35))
-		chainIDMul := new(big.Int).Mul(chainID.BigInt(), big.NewInt(2))
+		chainIDMul := new(big.Int).Mul(chainID, big.NewInt(2))
 		v.Add(v, chainIDMul)
 	}
 
-	tx.Data.Signature.v = v
+	tx.data.V = v
-	tx.Data.Signature.r = r
+	tx.data.R = r
-	tx.Data.Signature.s = s
+	tx.data.S = s
+}
+
+// VerifySig attempts to verify a Transaction's signature for a given chainID.
+// A derived address is returned upon success or an error if recovery fails.
+func (tx Transaction) VerifySig(chainID *big.Int) (ethcmn.Address, error) {
+	signer := ethtypes.NewEIP155Signer(chainID)
+
+	if sc := tx.from.Load(); sc != nil {
+		sigCache := sc.(sigCache)
+		// If the signer used to derive from in a previous
+		// call is not the same as used current, invalidate
+		// the cache.
+		if sigCache.signer.Equal(signer) {
+			return sigCache.from, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// do not allow recovery for transactions with an unprotected chainID
+	if chainID.Sign() == 0 {
+		return ethcmn.Address{}, errors.New("invalid chainID")
+	}
+
+	txHash := tx.SigHash(chainID)
+	sig := recoverEthSig(tx.data.R, tx.data.S, tx.data.V, chainID)
+
+	pub, err := ethcrypto.Ecrecover(txHash[:], sig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ethcmn.Address{}, err
+	}
+
+	var addr ethcmn.Address
+	copy(addr[:], ethcrypto.Keccak256(pub[1:])[12:])
+
+	tx.from.Store(sigCache{signer: signer, from: addr})
+	return addr, nil
 }
 
 // Type implements the sdk.Msg interface. It returns the type of the
@@ -165,11 +245,11 @@ func (tx Transaction) Type() string {
 // ValidateBasic implements the sdk.Msg interface. It performs basic validation
 // checks of a Transaction. If returns an sdk.Error if validation fails.
 func (tx Transaction) ValidateBasic() sdk.Error {
-	if tx.Data.Price.Sign() != 1 {
+	if tx.data.Price.Sign() != 1 {
 		return ErrInvalidValue(DefaultCodespace, "price must be positive")
 	}
 
-	if tx.Data.Amount.Sign() != 1 {
+	if tx.data.Amount.Sign() != 1 {
 		return ErrInvalidValue(DefaultCodespace, "amount must be positive")
 	}
 
@@ -192,44 +272,57 @@ func (tx Transaction) GetMsgs() []sdk.Msg {
 	return []sdk.Msg{tx}
 }
 
-// ConvertTx attempts to converts a Transaction to a new Ethereum transaction
+// hasEmbeddedTx returns a boolean reflecting if the transaction contains an
-// with the signature set. The signature if first recovered and then a new
+// SDK transaction or not based on the recipient address.
-// Transaction is created with that signature. If setting the signature fails,
+func (tx Transaction) hasEmbeddedTx(addr ethcmn.Address) bool {
-// a panic will be triggered.
+	return bytes.Equal(tx.data.Recipient.Bytes(), addr.Bytes())
-//
-// TODO: To be removed in #470
-func (tx Transaction) ConvertTx(chainID *big.Int) ethtypes.Transaction {
-	gethTx := ethtypes.NewTransaction(
-		tx.Data.AccountNonce, *tx.Data.Recipient, tx.Data.Amount.BigInt(),
-		tx.Data.GasLimit, tx.Data.Price.BigInt(), tx.Data.Payload,
-	)
-
-	sig := recoverEthSig(tx.Data.Signature, chainID)
-	signer := ethtypes.NewEIP155Signer(chainID)
-
-	gethTx, err := gethTx.WithSignature(signer, sig)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(errors.Wrap(err, "failed to convert transaction with a given signature"))
-	}
-
-	return *gethTx
 }
 
-// TxDecoder returns an sdk.TxDecoder that given raw transaction bytes,
+// GetEmbeddedTx returns the embedded SDK transaction from an Ethereum
-// attempts to decode them into a valid sdk.Tx.
+// transaction. It returns an error if decoding the inner transaction fails.
-func TxDecoder(codec *wire.Codec) sdk.TxDecoder {
+//
+// CONTRACT: The payload field of an Ethereum transaction must contain a valid
+// encoded SDK transaction.
+func (tx Transaction) GetEmbeddedTx(codec *wire.Codec) (sdk.Tx, sdk.Error) {
+	var etx sdk.Tx
+
+	err := codec.UnmarshalBinary(tx.data.Payload, &etx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return etx, sdk.ErrTxDecode("failed to decode embedded transaction")
+	}
+
+	return etx, nil
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TxDecoder returns an sdk.TxDecoder that given raw transaction bytes and an
+// SDK address, attempts to decode them into a Transaction or an EmbeddedTx or
+// returning an error if decoding fails.
+func TxDecoder(codec *wire.Codec, sdkAddress ethcmn.Address) sdk.TxDecoder {
 	return func(txBytes []byte) (sdk.Tx, sdk.Error) {
+		var tx = Transaction{}
+
 		if len(txBytes) == 0 {
-			return nil, sdk.ErrTxDecode("txBytes are empty")
+			return nil, sdk.ErrTxDecode("transaction bytes are empty")
 		}
 
-		var tx sdk.Tx
+		err := rlp.DecodeBytes(txBytes, &tx)
-
-		// The given codec should have all the appropriate message types
-		// registered.
-		err := codec.UnmarshalBinary(txBytes, &tx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, sdk.ErrTxDecode("failed to decode tx").TraceSDK(err.Error())
+			return nil, sdk.ErrTxDecode("failed to decode transaction").TraceSDK(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// If the transaction is routed as an SDK transaction, decode and return
+		// the embedded SDK transaction.
+		if tx.hasEmbeddedTx(sdkAddress) {
+			etx, err := tx.GetEmbeddedTx(codec)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			return etx, nil
 		}
 
 		return tx, nil
@@ -237,20 +330,20 @@ func TxDecoder(codec *wire.Codec) sdk.TxDecoder {
 }
 
 // recoverEthSig recovers a signature according to the Ethereum specification.
-func recoverEthSig(es *EthSignature, chainID *big.Int) []byte {
+func recoverEthSig(R, S, Vb, chainID *big.Int) []byte {
 	var v byte
 
-	r, s := es.r.Bytes(), es.s.Bytes()
+	r, s := R.Bytes(), S.Bytes()
 	sig := make([]byte, 65)
 
 	copy(sig[32-len(r):32], r)
 	copy(sig[64-len(s):64], s)
 
 	if chainID.Sign() == 0 {
-		v = byte(es.v.Uint64() - 27)
+		v = byte(Vb.Uint64() - 27)
 	} else {
 		chainIDMul := new(big.Int).Mul(chainID, big.NewInt(2))
-		V := new(big.Int).Sub(es.v, chainIDMul)
+		V := new(big.Int).Sub(Vb, chainIDMul)
 
 		v = byte(V.Uint64() - 35)
 	}
@@ -259,43 +352,11 @@ func recoverEthSig(es *EthSignature, chainID *big.Int) []byte {
 	return sig
 }
 
-func rlpHash(x interface{}) (h ethcmn.Hash) {
+func rlpHash(x interface{}) (hash ethcmn.Hash) {
 	hasher := ethsha.NewKeccak256()
 
 	rlp.Encode(hasher, x)
-	hasher.Sum(h[:0])
+	hasher.Sum(hash[:0])
-
-	return h
-}
-
-func ethSigMarshalAmino(es EthSignature) (raw [3]string, err error) {
-	vb, err := es.v.MarshalText()
-	if err != nil {
-		return raw, err
-	}
-	rb, err := es.r.MarshalText()
-	if err != nil {
-		return raw, err
-	}
-	sb, err := es.s.MarshalText()
-	if err != nil {
-		return raw, err
-	}
-
-	raw[0], raw[1], raw[2] = string(vb), string(rb), string(sb)
-	return raw, err
-}
-
-func ethSigUnmarshalAmino(es *EthSignature, raw [3]string) (err error) {
-	if err = es.v.UnmarshalText([]byte(raw[0])); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if err = es.r.UnmarshalText([]byte(raw[1])); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if err = es.s.UnmarshalText([]byte(raw[2])); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
 
 	return
 }

types/tx_test.go

@@ -3,83 +3,57 @@ package types
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"testing"
 
 	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/wire"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
 	ethcmn "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	ethcrypto "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	ethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-var (
+func TestTransactionRLPEncode(t *testing.T) {
-	testChainID = sdk.NewInt(3)
+	txs := NewTestEthTxs(TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1})
+	gtxs := NewTestGethTxs(TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1})
 
-	testPrivKey1, _ = ethcrypto.GenerateKey()
+	txRLP, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(txs[0])
-	testPrivKey2, _ = ethcrypto.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	testAddr1 = PrivKeyToEthAddress(testPrivKey1)
+	gtxRLP, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(gtxs[0])
-	testAddr2 = PrivKeyToEthAddress(testPrivKey2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-)
 
-func newTestCodec() *wire.Codec {
+	require.Equal(t, gtxRLP, txRLP)
-	codec := wire.NewCodec()
-
-	RegisterWire(codec)
-	codec.RegisterConcrete(auth.StdTx{}, "test/StdTx", nil)
-	codec.RegisterConcrete(&sdk.TestMsg{}, "test/TestMsg", nil)
-	wire.RegisterCrypto(codec)
-
-	return codec
 }
 
-func newStdFee() auth.StdFee {
+func TestTransactionRLPDecode(t *testing.T) {
-	return auth.NewStdFee(5000, sdk.NewCoin("photon", sdk.NewInt(150)))
+	txs := NewTestEthTxs(TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1})
-}
+	gtxs := NewTestGethTxs(TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1})
 
-func newTestStdTx(
+	txRLP, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(txs[0])
-	chainID sdk.Int, msgs []sdk.Msg, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey,
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	accNums []int64, seqs []int64, fee auth.StdFee,
-) sdk.Tx {
 
-	sigs := make([]auth.StdSignature, len(pKeys))
+	gtxRLP, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(gtxs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	for i, priv := range pKeys {
+	var (
-		signBytes := GetStdTxSignBytes(chainID.String(), accNums[i], seqs[i], newStdFee(), msgs, "")
+		decodedTx  Transaction
+		decodedGtx ethtypes.Transaction
+	)
 
-		sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, priv)
+	err = rlp.DecodeBytes(txRLP, &decodedTx)
-		if err != nil {
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-			panic(err)
-		}
 
-		sigs[i] = auth.StdSignature{Signature: sig, AccountNumber: accNums[i], Sequence: seqs[i]}
+	err = rlp.DecodeBytes(gtxRLP, &decodedGtx)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	return auth.NewStdTx(msgs, fee, sigs, "")
+	require.Equal(t, decodedGtx.Hash(), decodedTx.Hash())
-}
-
-func newTestEthTxs(chainID sdk.Int, pKeys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey, addrs []ethcmn.Address) []Transaction {
-	txs := make([]Transaction, len(pKeys))
-
-	for i, priv := range pKeys {
-		emintTx := NewTransaction(
-			uint64(i), addrs[i], sdk.NewInt(10), 100, sdk.NewInt(100), nil,
-		)
-
-		emintTx.Sign(chainID, priv)
-
-		txs[i] = emintTx
-	}
-
-	return txs
 }
 
 func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
-	ethTxs := newTestEthTxs(
+	ethTxs := NewTestEthTxs(
-		testChainID,
+		TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1},
-		[]*ecdsa.PrivateKey{testPrivKey1},
-		[]ethcmn.Address{testAddr1},
 	)
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -89,13 +63,13 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{ethTxs[0], func(msg sdk.Msg) sdk.Msg { return msg }, false},
 		{ethTxs[0], func(msg sdk.Msg) sdk.Msg {
-			tx := msg.(Transaction)
+			tx := msg.(*Transaction)
-			tx.Data.Price = sdk.NewInt(-1)
+			tx.data.Price = big.NewInt(-1)
 			return tx
 		}, true},
 		{ethTxs[0], func(msg sdk.Msg) sdk.Msg {
-			tx := msg.(Transaction)
+			tx := msg.(*Transaction)
-			tx.Data.Amount = sdk.NewInt(-1)
+			tx.data.Amount = big.NewInt(-1)
 			return tx
 		}, true},
 	}
@@ -112,59 +86,57 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestTransactionGetMsgs(t *testing.T) {
+func TestTransactionVerifySig(t *testing.T) {
-	ethTxs := newTestEthTxs(
+	txs := NewTestEthTxs(
-		testChainID,
+		TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1},
-		[]*ecdsa.PrivateKey{testPrivKey1},
-		[]ethcmn.Address{testAddr1},
 	)
 
-	msgs := ethTxs[0].GetMsgs()
+	addr, err := txs[0].VerifySig(TestChainID)
-	require.Len(t, msgs, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, ethTxs[0], msgs[0])
+	require.Equal(t, TestAddr1, addr)
 
-	expectedMsgs := []sdk.Msg{sdk.NewTestMsg(sdk.AccAddress(testAddr1.Bytes()))}
+	addr, err = txs[0].VerifySig(big.NewInt(100))
-	etx := newTestStdTx(
+	require.Error(t, err)
-		testChainID, expectedMsgs, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{testPrivKey1},
+	require.NotEqual(t, TestAddr1, addr)
-		[]int64{0}, []int64{0}, newStdFee(),
-	)
-
-	msgs = etx.GetMsgs()
-	require.Len(t, msgs, len(expectedMsgs))
-	require.Equal(t, expectedMsgs, msgs)
 }
 
 func TestTxDecoder(t *testing.T) {
-	testCodec := newTestCodec()
+	testCodec := NewTestCodec()
-	txDecoder := TxDecoder(testCodec)
+	txDecoder := TxDecoder(testCodec, TestSDKAddr)
 	msgs := []sdk.Msg{sdk.NewTestMsg()}
 
 	// create a non-SDK Ethereum transaction
-	emintTx := NewTransaction(
+	txs := NewTestEthTxs(
-		uint64(0), testAddr1, sdk.NewInt(10), 100, sdk.NewInt(100), nil,
+		TestChainID, []int64{0}, []ethcmn.Address{TestAddr1}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1},
 	)
-	emintTx.Sign(testChainID, testPrivKey1)
+
+	txBytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(txs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// require the transaction to properly decode into a Transaction
-	txBytes := testCodec.MustMarshalBinary(emintTx)
+	decodedTx, err := txDecoder(txBytes)
-	tx, err := txDecoder(txBytes)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, emintTx, tx)
+	require.IsType(t, Transaction{}, decodedTx)
+	require.Equal(t, txs[0].data, (decodedTx.(Transaction)).data)
 
 	// create a SDK (auth.StdTx) transaction and encode
-	stdTx := newTestStdTx(
+	txs = NewTestSDKTxs(
-		testChainID, msgs, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{testPrivKey1},
+		testCodec, TestChainID, TestSDKAddr, msgs, []int64{0}, []int64{0},
-		[]int64{0}, []int64{0}, newStdFee(),
+		[]*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1}, NewTestStdFee(),
 	)
 
-	// require the transaction to properly decode into a Transaction
+	txBytes, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes(txs[0])
-	txBytes = testCodec.MustMarshalBinary(stdTx)
-	tx, err = txDecoder(txBytes)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, stdTx, tx)
+
+	// require the transaction to properly decode into a Transaction
+	stdTx := NewTestStdTx(TestChainID, msgs, []int64{0}, []int64{0}, []*ecdsa.PrivateKey{TestPrivKey1}, NewTestStdFee())
+	decodedTx, err = txDecoder(txBytes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.IsType(t, auth.StdTx{}, decodedTx)
+	require.Equal(t, stdTx, decodedTx)
 
 	// require the decoding to fail when no transaction bytes are given
-	tx, err = txDecoder([]byte{})
+	decodedTx, err = txDecoder([]byte{})
 	require.Error(t, err)
-	require.Nil(t, tx)
+	require.Nil(t, decodedTx)
 }

types/utils.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func ValidateSigner(signBytes, sig []byte, signer ethcmn.Address) error {
 	pk, err := ethcrypto.SigToPub(signBytes, sig)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "signature verification failed")
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to derive public key from signature")
 	} else if ethcrypto.PubkeyToAddress(*pk) != signer {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid signature for signer: %s", signer)
 	}

types/utils_test.go

@@ -10,23 +10,27 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestValidateSigner(t *testing.T) {
-	msgs := []sdk.Msg{sdk.NewTestMsg(sdk.AccAddress(testAddr1.Bytes()))}
+	msgs := []sdk.Msg{sdk.NewTestMsg(sdk.AccAddress(TestAddr1.Bytes()))}
 
 	// create message signing structure and bytes
-	signBytes := GetStdTxSignBytes(testChainID.String(), 0, 0, newStdFee(), msgs, "")
+	signBytes := GetStdTxSignBytes(TestChainID.String(), 0, 0, NewTestStdFee(), msgs, "")
 
 	// require signing not to fail
-	sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, testPrivKey1)
+	sig, err := ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, TestPrivKey1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// require signature to be valid
-	err = ValidateSigner(signBytes, sig, testAddr1)
+	err = ValidateSigner(signBytes, sig, TestAddr1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sig, err = ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, testPrivKey2)
+	sig, err = ethcrypto.Sign(signBytes, TestPrivKey2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// require signature to be invalid
-	err = ValidateSigner(signBytes, sig, testAddr1)
+	err = ValidateSigner(signBytes, sig, TestAddr1)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// require invalid signature bytes return an error
+	err = ValidateSigner([]byte{}, sig, TestAddr2)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }

types/wire.go

@@ -16,7 +16,4 @@ func init() {
 func RegisterWire(codec *wire.Codec) {
 	sdk.RegisterWire(codec)
 	codec.RegisterConcrete(&Account{}, "types/Account", nil)
-	codec.RegisterConcrete(&EthSignature{}, "types/EthSignature", nil)
-	codec.RegisterConcrete(TxData{}, "types/TxData", nil)
-	codec.RegisterConcrete(Transaction{}, "types/Transaction", nil)
 }