fix: types: ensure .Amount is non-nil in Coin.Validate() (#15691)

This change fixes a scenario in which Coin.Validate() would panic when given a nil Amount.
While here, added a fuzz test along with unit/regression tests.

Fixes #15690

types/coin.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
 	"sort"
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ func (coin Coin) Validate() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if coin.Amount.IsNil() {
+		return errors.New("amount is nil")
+	}
+
 	if coin.Amount.IsNegative() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("negative coin amount: %v", coin.Amount)
 	}

types/coin_test.go

@@ -1276,6 +1276,40 @@ func (s *coinTestSuite) TestMarshalJSONCoins() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinValidate() {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		coin    sdk.Coin
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{"nil coin: nil Amount", sdk.Coin{}, "invalid denom"},
+		{"non-blank coin, nil Amount", sdk.Coin{Denom: "atom"}, "amount is nil"},
+		{"valid coin", sdk.Coin{Denom: "atom", Amount: math.NewInt(100)}, ""},
+		{"negative coin", sdk.Coin{Denom: "atom", Amount: math.NewInt(-999)}, "negative coin amount"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
+		t := s.T()
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := tc.coin.Validate()
+			if tc.wantErr == "" {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			} else {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected an error")
+				} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantErr) {
+					t.Errorf("Error mismatch\n\tGot:  %q\nWant: %q", err, tc.wantErr)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+}
+
 func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinAminoEncoding() {
 	cdc := codec.NewLegacyAmino()
 	c := sdk.NewInt64Coin(testDenom1, 5)

types/fuzz_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
+)
+
+func FuzzCoinUnmarshalJSON(f *testing.F) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		f.Skip()
+	}
+
+	cdc := codec.NewLegacyAmino()
+	f.Add(`{"denom":"atom","amount":"1000"}`)
+	f.Add(`{"denom":"atom","amount":"-1000"}`)
+	f.Add(`{"denom":"uatom","amount":"1000111111111111111111111"}`)
+	f.Add(`{"denom":"mu","amount":"0"}`)
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, jsonBlob string) {
+		var c Coin
+		_ = cdc.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(jsonBlob), &c)
+	})
+}