From 0f8c6c2c12f26cc3ff0fbfbc99a9ca759d904ae2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: atheeshp <59333759+atheeshp@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 12:29:50 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] feat(x/staking): implement `RotateConsPubKey` method (#18188)

---
 api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.pulsar.go |  74 +++--
 api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx_grpc.pb.go     |   4 +-
 collections/indexes/multi_test.go            |   2 +-
 proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.proto   |   4 +-
 proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx.proto        |   2 +-
 x/group/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go   |  48 +--
 x/staking/keeper/cons_pubkey.go              |  93 ++++++
 x/staking/keeper/keeper.go                   |  65 ++++
 x/staking/keeper/msg_server.go               |  76 ++++-
 x/staking/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go |  14 +
 x/staking/types/errors.go                    |   4 +
 x/staking/types/expected_keepers.go          |   1 +
 x/staking/types/keys.go                      |  11 +
 x/staking/types/staking.pb.go                | 325 ++++++++++---------
 x/staking/types/tx.pb.go                     |   4 +-
 15 files changed, 496 insertions(+), 231 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 x/staking/keeper/cons_pubkey.go

diff --git a/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.pulsar.go b/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.pulsar.go
index 70871d2ebb..7fe0fec480 100644
--- a/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.pulsar.go
+++ b/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.pulsar.go
@@ -13409,8 +13409,8 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Interface() protoreflect.Prot
 // While iterating, mutating operations may only be performed
 // on the current field descriptor.
 func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Range(f func(protoreflect.FieldDescriptor, protoreflect.Value) bool) {
-	if x.OperatorAddress != "" {
-		value := protoreflect.ValueOfString(x.OperatorAddress)
+	if len(x.OperatorAddress) != 0 {
+		value := protoreflect.ValueOfBytes(x.OperatorAddress)
 		if !f(fd_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory_operator_address, value) {
 			return
 		}
@@ -13455,7 +13455,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Range(f func(protoreflect.Fie
 func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Has(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor) bool {
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.operator_address":
-		return x.OperatorAddress != ""
+		return len(x.OperatorAddress) != 0
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.old_cons_pubkey":
 		return x.OldConsPubkey != nil
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.new_cons_pubkey":
@@ -13481,7 +13481,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Has(fd protoreflect.FieldDesc
 func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Clear(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor) {
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.operator_address":
-		x.OperatorAddress = ""
+		x.OperatorAddress = nil
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.old_cons_pubkey":
 		x.OldConsPubkey = nil
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.new_cons_pubkey":
@@ -13508,7 +13508,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Get(descriptor protoreflect.F
 	switch descriptor.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.operator_address":
 		value := x.OperatorAddress
-		return protoreflect.ValueOfString(value)
+		return protoreflect.ValueOfBytes(value)
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.old_cons_pubkey":
 		value := x.OldConsPubkey
 		return protoreflect.ValueOfMessage(value.ProtoReflect())
@@ -13542,7 +13542,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Get(descriptor protoreflect.F
 func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Set(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor, value protoreflect.Value) {
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.operator_address":
-		x.OperatorAddress = value.Interface().(string)
+		x.OperatorAddress = value.Bytes()
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.old_cons_pubkey":
 		x.OldConsPubkey = value.Message().Interface().(*anypb.Any)
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.new_cons_pubkey":
@@ -13604,7 +13604,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Mutable(fd protoreflect.Field
 func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) NewField(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor) protoreflect.Value {
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.operator_address":
-		return protoreflect.ValueOfString("")
+		return protoreflect.ValueOfBytes(nil)
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.old_cons_pubkey":
 		m := new(anypb.Any)
 		return protoreflect.ValueOfMessage(m.ProtoReflect())
@@ -13840,7 +13840,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 				if wireType != 2 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field OperatorAddress", wireType)
 				}
-				var stringLen uint64
+				var byteLen int
 				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 					if shift >= 64 {
 						return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrIntOverflow
@@ -13850,23 +13850,25 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 					}
 					b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 					iNdEx++
-					stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+					byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 					if b < 0x80 {
 						break
 					}
 				}
-				intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-				if intStringLen < 0 {
+				if byteLen < 0 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrInvalidLength
 				}
-				postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+				postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 				if postIndex < 0 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrInvalidLength
 				}
 				if postIndex > l {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 				}
-				x.OperatorAddress = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+				x.OperatorAddress = append(x.OperatorAddress[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+				if x.OperatorAddress == nil {
+					x.OperatorAddress = []byte{}
+				}
 				iNdEx = postIndex
 			case 2:
 				if wireType != 2 {
@@ -14033,7 +14035,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 var _ protoreflect.List = (*_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list)(nil)
 
 type _ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list struct {
-	list *[]string
+	list *[][]byte
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Len() int {
@@ -14044,17 +14046,17 @@ func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Len() int {
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Get(i int) protoreflect.Value {
-	return protoreflect.ValueOfString((*x.list)[i])
+	return protoreflect.ValueOfBytes((*x.list)[i])
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Set(i int, value protoreflect.Value) {
-	valueUnwrapped := value.String()
+	valueUnwrapped := value.Bytes()
 	concreteValue := valueUnwrapped
 	(*x.list)[i] = concreteValue
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Append(value protoreflect.Value) {
-	valueUnwrapped := value.String()
+	valueUnwrapped := value.Bytes()
 	concreteValue := valueUnwrapped
 	*x.list = append(*x.list, concreteValue)
 }
@@ -14068,8 +14070,8 @@ func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) Truncate(n int) {
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) NewElement() protoreflect.Value {
-	v := ""
-	return protoreflect.ValueOfString(v)
+	var v []byte
+	return protoreflect.ValueOfBytes(v)
 }
 
 func (x *_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list) IsValid() bool {
@@ -14261,7 +14263,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Mutable(fd protoreflect.Field
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys.addresses":
 		if x.Addresses == nil {
-			x.Addresses = []string{}
+			x.Addresses = [][]byte{}
 		}
 		value := &_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list{list: &x.Addresses}
 		return protoreflect.ValueOfList(value)
@@ -14279,7 +14281,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Mutable(fd protoreflect.Field
 func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) NewField(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor) protoreflect.Value {
 	switch fd.FullName() {
 	case "cosmos.staking.v1beta1.ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys.addresses":
-		list := []string{}
+		list := [][]byte{}
 		return protoreflect.ValueOfList(&_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys_1_list{list: &list})
 	default:
 		if fd.IsExtension() {
@@ -14351,8 +14353,8 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 		var l int
 		_ = l
 		if len(x.Addresses) > 0 {
-			for _, s := range x.Addresses {
-				l = len(s)
+			for _, b := range x.Addresses {
+				l = len(b)
 				n += 1 + l + runtime.Sov(uint64(l))
 			}
 		}
@@ -14447,7 +14449,7 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 				if wireType != 2 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Addresses", wireType)
 				}
-				var stringLen uint64
+				var byteLen int
 				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 					if shift >= 64 {
 						return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrIntOverflow
@@ -14457,23 +14459,23 @@ func (x *fastReflection_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) ProtoMethods() *protoiface.Me
 					}
 					b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 					iNdEx++
-					stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+					byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 					if b < 0x80 {
 						break
 					}
 				}
-				intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-				if intStringLen < 0 {
+				if byteLen < 0 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrInvalidLength
 				}
-				postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+				postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 				if postIndex < 0 {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, runtime.ErrInvalidLength
 				}
 				if postIndex > l {
 					return protoiface.UnmarshalOutput{NoUnkeyedLiterals: input.NoUnkeyedLiterals, Flags: input.Flags}, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 				}
-				x.Addresses = append(x.Addresses, string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]))
+				x.Addresses = append(x.Addresses, make([]byte, postIndex-iNdEx))
+				copy(x.Addresses[len(x.Addresses)-1], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 				iNdEx = postIndex
 			default:
 				iNdEx = preIndex
@@ -15935,7 +15937,7 @@ type ConsPubKeyRotationHistory struct {
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
 	// operator_address defines the address of the validator's operator; bech encoded in JSON.
-	OperatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=operator_address,json=operatorAddress,proto3" json:"operator_address,omitempty"`
+	OperatorAddress []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=operator_address,json=operatorAddress,proto3" json:"operator_address,omitempty"`
 	// old_cons_pubkey is the old consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
 	OldConsPubkey *anypb.Any `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=old_cons_pubkey,json=oldConsPubkey,proto3" json:"old_cons_pubkey,omitempty"`
 	// new_cons_pubkey is the new consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
@@ -15966,11 +15968,11 @@ func (*ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_cosmos_staking_v1beta1_staking_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
-func (x *ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) GetOperatorAddress() string {
+func (x *ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) GetOperatorAddress() []byte {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.OperatorAddress
 	}
-	return ""
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (x *ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) GetOldConsPubkey() *anypb.Any {
@@ -16008,7 +16010,7 @@ type ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys struct {
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
-	Addresses []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=addresses,proto3" json:"addresses,omitempty"`
+	Addresses [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=addresses,proto3" json:"addresses,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Reset() {
@@ -16031,7 +16033,7 @@ func (*ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_cosmos_staking_v1beta1_staking_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
-func (x *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) GetAddresses() []string {
+func (x *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) GetAddresses() [][]byte {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Addresses
 	}
@@ -16416,7 +16418,7 @@ var file_cosmos_staking_v1beta1_staking_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x22, 0xd0, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x19, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x50, 0x75, 0x62,
 	0x4b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x48, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x6f,
 	0x72, 0x79, 0x12, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x61,
-	0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x6f, 0x70,
+	0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x6f, 0x70,
 	0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x41, 0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x12, 0x56, 0x0a,
 	0x0f, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79,
 	0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x14, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e,
@@ -16437,7 +16439,7 @@ var file_cosmos_staking_v1beta1_staking_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0xa0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0xe8, 0xa0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x22, 0x53, 0x0a, 0x19, 0x56, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x41, 0x64,
 	0x64, 0x72, 0x73, 0x4f, 0x66, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73,
 	0x4b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x73, 0x12, 0x36, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x65,
-	0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x42, 0x18, 0xd2, 0xb4, 0x2d, 0x14, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x73,
+	0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0c, 0x42, 0x18, 0xd2, 0xb4, 0x2d, 0x14, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x73,
 	0x6d, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x53, 0x74, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e,
 	0x67, 0x52, 0x09, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x2a, 0xb6, 0x01, 0x0a,
 	0x0a, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x53, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x73, 0x12, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x17, 0x42,
diff --git a/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx_grpc.pb.go b/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx_grpc.pb.go
index b470a1ab3e..f62af43fe9 100644
--- a/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/api/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx_grpc.pb.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ type MsgClient interface {
 	UpdateParams(ctx context.Context, in *MsgUpdateParams, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error)
 	// RotateConsPubKey defines an operation for rotating the consensus keys
 	// of a validator.
-	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.48
+	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.51
 	RotateConsPubKey(ctx context.Context, in *MsgRotateConsPubKey, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, error)
 }
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ type MsgServer interface {
 	UpdateParams(context.Context, *MsgUpdateParams) (*MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error)
 	// RotateConsPubKey defines an operation for rotating the consensus keys
 	// of a validator.
-	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.48
+	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.51
 	RotateConsPubKey(context.Context, *MsgRotateConsPubKey) (*MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedMsgServer()
 }
diff --git a/collections/indexes/multi_test.go b/collections/indexes/multi_test.go
index 73521ee03e..a0b1313b85 100644
--- a/collections/indexes/multi_test.go
+++ b/collections/indexes/multi_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func TestMultiIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		return value.City, nil
 	})
 
-	// we crete two reference keys for primary key 1 and 2 associated with "milan"
+	// we create two reference keys for primary key 1 and 2 associated with "milan"
 	require.NoError(t, mi.Reference(ctx, 1, company{City: "milan"}, func() (company, error) { return company{}, collections.ErrNotFound }))
 	require.NoError(t, mi.Reference(ctx, 2, company{City: "milan"}, func() (company, error) { return company{}, collections.ErrNotFound }))
 
diff --git a/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.proto b/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.proto
index ca6cc3da1b..f7596c57d7 100644
--- a/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.proto
+++ b/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/staking.proto
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ message ConsPubKeyRotationHistory {
   option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false;
 
   // operator_address defines the address of the validator's operator; bech encoded in JSON.
-  string operator_address = 1;
+  bytes operator_address = 1;
   // old_cons_pubkey is the old consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
   google.protobuf.Any old_cons_pubkey = 2 [(cosmos_proto.accepts_interface) = "cosmos.crypto.PubKey"];
   // new_cons_pubkey is the new consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
@@ -429,5 +429,5 @@ message ConsPubKeyRotationHistory {
 // ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys contains the array of validator addresses which rotated their keys
 // This is to block the validator's next rotation till unbonding period.
 message ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys {
-  repeated string addresses = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"];
+  repeated bytes addresses = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"];
 }
diff --git a/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx.proto b/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx.proto
index dae91f6bee..0d46d8067d 100644
--- a/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx.proto
+++ b/proto/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/tx.proto
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ service Msg {
 
   // RotateConsPubKey defines an operation for rotating the consensus keys
   // of a validator.
-  // Since: cosmos-sdk 0.48
+  // Since: cosmos-sdk 0.51
   rpc RotateConsPubKey(MsgRotateConsPubKey) returns (MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse);
 }
 
diff --git a/x/group/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go b/x/group/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
index fc6fd9be75..b957703406 100644
--- a/x/group/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
+++ b/x/group/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 
 	address "cosmossdk.io/core/address"
-	types0 "cosmossdk.io/x/bank/types"
-	types "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
+	types "cosmossdk.io/x/bank/types"
+	types0 "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
 	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 )
 
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ func (mr *MockAccountKeeperMockRecorder) AddressCodec() *gomock.Call {
 }
 
 // GetAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockAccountKeeper) GetAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types.AccAddress) types.AccountI {
+func (m *MockAccountKeeper) GetAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types0.AccAddress) types0.AccountI {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccount", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types.AccountI)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types0.AccountI)
 	return ret0
 }
 
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ func (mr *MockAccountKeeperMockRecorder) GetAccount(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *gom
 }
 
 // NewAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockAccountKeeper) NewAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types.AccountI) types.AccountI {
+func (m *MockAccountKeeper) NewAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types0.AccountI) types0.AccountI {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "NewAccount", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types.AccountI)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types0.AccountI)
 	return ret0
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (mr *MockAccountKeeperMockRecorder) NewAccount(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *gom
 }
 
 // RemoveAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockAccountKeeper) RemoveAccount(ctx context.Context, acc types.AccountI) {
+func (m *MockAccountKeeper) RemoveAccount(ctx context.Context, acc types0.AccountI) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "RemoveAccount", ctx, acc)
 }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (mr *MockAccountKeeperMockRecorder) RemoveAccount(ctx, acc interface{}) *go
 }
 
 // SetAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockAccountKeeper) SetAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types.AccountI) {
+func (m *MockAccountKeeper) SetAccount(arg0 context.Context, arg1 types0.AccountI) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "SetAccount", arg0, arg1)
 }
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ func (m *MockBankKeeper) EXPECT() *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder {
 }
 
 // Burn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) Burn(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types0.MsgBurn) (*types0.MsgBurnResponse, error) {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) Burn(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types.MsgBurn) (*types.MsgBurnResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Burn", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.MsgBurnResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.MsgBurnResponse)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
@@ -142,10 +142,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) Burn(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *gomock.Call
 }
 
 // GetAllBalances mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) GetAllBalances(ctx context.Context, addr types.AccAddress) types.Coins {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) GetAllBalances(ctx context.Context, addr types0.AccAddress) types0.Coins {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllBalances", ctx, addr)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types.Coins)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types0.Coins)
 	return ret0
 }
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) GetAllBalances(ctx, addr interface{}) *gom
 }
 
 // MintCoins mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) MintCoins(ctx context.Context, moduleName string, amt types.Coins) error {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) MintCoins(ctx context.Context, moduleName string, amt types0.Coins) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MintCoins", ctx, moduleName, amt)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) MintCoins(ctx, moduleName, amt interface{}
 }
 
 // MultiSend mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) MultiSend(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types0.MsgMultiSend) (*types0.MsgMultiSendResponse, error) {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) MultiSend(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types.MsgMultiSend) (*types.MsgMultiSendResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MultiSend", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.MsgMultiSendResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.MsgMultiSendResponse)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
@@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) MultiSend(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *gomock.
 }
 
 // Send mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) Send(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types0.MsgSend) (*types0.MsgSendResponse, error) {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) Send(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types.MsgSend) (*types.MsgSendResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Send", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.MsgSendResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.MsgSendResponse)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) Send(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *gomock.Call
 }
 
 // SendCoinsFromModuleToAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) SendCoinsFromModuleToAccount(ctx context.Context, senderModule string, recipientAddr types.AccAddress, amt types.Coins) error {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) SendCoinsFromModuleToAccount(ctx context.Context, senderModule string, recipientAddr types0.AccAddress, amt types0.Coins) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SendCoinsFromModuleToAccount", ctx, senderModule, recipientAddr, amt)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) SendCoinsFromModuleToAccount(ctx, senderMo
 }
 
 // SetSendEnabled mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) SetSendEnabled(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types0.MsgSetSendEnabled) (*types0.MsgSetSendEnabledResponse, error) {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) SetSendEnabled(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types.MsgSetSendEnabled) (*types.MsgSetSendEnabledResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SetSendEnabled", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.MsgSetSendEnabledResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.MsgSetSendEnabledResponse)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
@@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) SetSendEnabled(arg0, arg1 interface{}) *go
 }
 
 // SpendableCoins mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) SpendableCoins(ctx context.Context, addr types.AccAddress) types.Coins {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) SpendableCoins(ctx context.Context, addr types0.AccAddress) types0.Coins {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SpendableCoins", ctx, addr)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types.Coins)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types0.Coins)
 	return ret0
 }
 
@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) SpendableCoins(ctx, addr interface{}) *gom
 }
 
 // UpdateParams mocks base method.
-func (m *MockBankKeeper) UpdateParams(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types0.MsgUpdateParams) (*types0.MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error) {
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) UpdateParams(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *types.MsgUpdateParams) (*types.MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateParams", arg0, arg1)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.MsgUpdateParamsResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.MsgUpdateParamsResponse)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
diff --git a/x/staking/keeper/cons_pubkey.go b/x/staking/keeper/cons_pubkey.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c4a926184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/staking/keeper/cons_pubkey.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package keeper
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"cosmossdk.io/collections"
+	"cosmossdk.io/x/staking/types"
+
+	codectypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec/types"
+	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
+)
+
+// maxRotations is the value of max rotations can be made in unbonding period for a validator.
+const maxRotations = 1
+
+// setConsPubKeyRotationHistory sets the consensus key rotation of a validator into state
+func (k Keeper) setConsPubKeyRotationHistory(
+	ctx context.Context, valAddr sdk.ValAddress,
+	oldPubKey, newPubKey *codectypes.Any, fee sdk.Coin,
+) error {
+
+	sdkCtx := sdk.UnwrapSDKContext(ctx)
+	height := uint64(sdkCtx.BlockHeight())
+	history := types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory{
+		OperatorAddress: valAddr.Bytes(),
+		OldConsPubkey:   oldPubKey,
+		NewConsPubkey:   newPubKey,
+		Height:          height,
+		Fee:             fee,
+	}
+	err := k.RotationHistory.Set(ctx, valAddr, history)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ubdTime, err := k.UnbondingTime(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	queueTime := sdkCtx.BlockHeader().Time.Add(ubdTime)
+	if err := k.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey.Set(ctx, collections.Join(valAddr.Bytes(), queueTime)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return k.setConsKeyQueue(ctx, queueTime, valAddr)
+}
+
+// exceedsMaxRotations returns true if the key rotations exceed the limit, currently we are limiting one rotation for unbonding period.
+func (k Keeper) exceedsMaxRotations(ctx context.Context, valAddr sdk.ValAddress) error {
+	count := 0
+	rng := collections.NewPrefixedPairRange[[]byte, time.Time](valAddr)
+
+	if err := k.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey.Walk(ctx, rng, func(key collections.Pair[[]byte, time.Time]) (stop bool, err error) {
+		count++
+		return count >= maxRotations, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if count >= maxRotations {
+		return types.ErrExceedingMaxConsPubKeyRotations
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setConsKeyQueue sets array of rotated validator addresses to a key of current block time + unbonding period
+// this is to keep track of rotations made within the unbonding period
+func (k Keeper) setConsKeyQueue(ctx context.Context, ts time.Time, valAddr sdk.ValAddress) error {
+	queueRec, err := k.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueue.Get(ctx, ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !bytesSliceExists(queueRec.Addresses, valAddr.Bytes()) {
+		// Address does not exist, so you can append it to the list
+		queueRec.Addresses = append(queueRec.Addresses, valAddr.Bytes())
+	}
+
+	return k.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueue.Set(ctx, ts, queueRec)
+}
+
+func bytesSliceExists(sliceList [][]byte, targetBytes []byte) bool {
+	for _, bytesSlice := range sliceList {
+		if bytes.Equal(bytesSlice, targetBytes) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/x/staking/keeper/keeper.go b/x/staking/keeper/keeper.go
index 630d21279a..89b0090a50 100644
--- a/x/staking/keeper/keeper.go
+++ b/x/staking/keeper/keeper.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"cosmossdk.io/collections"
 	collcodec "cosmossdk.io/collections/codec"
+	"cosmossdk.io/collections/indexes"
 	addresscodec "cosmossdk.io/core/address"
 	storetypes "cosmossdk.io/core/store"
 	"cosmossdk.io/log"
@@ -41,6 +42,27 @@ func HistoricalInfoCodec(cdc codec.BinaryCodec) collcodec.ValueCodec[types.Histo
 	})
 }
 
+type rotationHistoryIndexes struct {
+	Block *indexes.Multi[uint64, []byte, types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory]
+}
+
+func (a rotationHistoryIndexes) IndexesList() []collections.Index[[]byte, types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory] {
+	return []collections.Index[[]byte, types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory]{
+		a.Block,
+	}
+}
+
+func NewRotationHistoryIndexes(sb *collections.SchemaBuilder) rotationHistoryIndexes {
+	return rotationHistoryIndexes{
+		Block: indexes.NewMulti(
+			sb, types.BlockConsPubKeyRotationHistoryKey, "cons_pubkey_history_by_block", collections.Uint64Key, collections.BytesKey,
+			func(_ []byte, v types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) (uint64, error) {
+				return v.Height, nil
+			},
+		),
+	}
+}
+
 // Keeper of the x/staking store
 type Keeper struct {
 	storeService          storetypes.KVStoreService
@@ -93,6 +115,15 @@ type Keeper struct {
 	LastValidatorPower collections.Map[[]byte, gogotypes.Int64Value]
 	// Params key: ParamsKeyPrefix | value: Params
 	Params collections.Item[types.Params]
+	// ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey: this key is used to restrict the validator next rotation within waiting (unbonding) period
+	ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey collections.KeySet[collections.Pair[[]byte, time.Time]]
+	// ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueue: this key is used to set the unbonding period time on each rotation
+	ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueue collections.Map[time.Time, types.ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys]
+	// RotatedConsKeyMapIndex: prefix for rotated cons address to new cons address
+	RotatedConsKeyMapIndex collections.Map[[]byte, []byte]
+	// ValidatorConsPubKeyRotationHistory: consPubkey rotation history by validator
+	// A index is being added with key `BlockConsPubKeyRotationHistory`: consPubkey rotation history by height
+	RotationHistory *collections.IndexedMap[[]byte, types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory, rotationHistoryIndexes]
 }
 
 // NewKeeper creates a new staking Keeper instance
@@ -226,6 +257,40 @@ func NewKeeper(
 		),
 		// key is: 113 (it's a direct prefix)
 		Params: collections.NewItem(sb, types.ParamsKey, "params", codec.CollValue[types.Params](cdc)),
+
+		// key format is: 103 | valAddr | time
+		ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey: collections.NewKeySet(
+			sb, types.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey,
+			"cons_pub_rotation_index",
+			collections.PairKeyCodec(collections.BytesKey, sdk.TimeKey),
+		),
+
+		// key format is: 104 | time
+		ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueue: collections.NewMap(
+			sb, types.ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueueKey,
+			"cons_pub_rotation_queue",
+			sdk.TimeKey,
+			codec.CollValue[types.ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys](cdc),
+		),
+
+		// key format is: 105 | valAddr
+		RotatedConsKeyMapIndex: collections.NewMap(
+			sb, types.RotatedConsKeyMapIndex,
+			"cons_pubkey_map",
+			collections.BytesKey,
+			collections.BytesValue,
+		),
+
+		// key format is : 101 | rotation history
+		// index is : 102 | rotation history
+		RotationHistory: collections.NewIndexedMap(
+			sb,
+			types.ValidatorConsPubKeyRotationHistoryKey,
+			"cons_pub_rotation_history",
+			collections.BytesKey,
+			codec.CollValue[types.ConsPubKeyRotationHistory](cdc),
+			NewRotationHistoryIndexes(sb),
+		),
 	}
 
 	schema, err := sb.Build()
diff --git a/x/staking/keeper/msg_server.go b/x/staking/keeper/msg_server.go
index 74715d1cff..c0c882454d 100644
--- a/x/staking/keeper/msg_server.go
+++ b/x/staking/keeper/msg_server.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package keeper
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
+	"cosmossdk.io/collections"
 	errorsmod "cosmossdk.io/errors"
 	"cosmossdk.io/math"
 	"cosmossdk.io/x/staking/types"
@@ -605,6 +607,76 @@ func (k msgServer) UpdateParams(ctx context.Context, msg *types.MsgUpdateParams)
 	return &types.MsgUpdateParamsResponse{}, nil
 }
 
-func (k msgServer) RotateConsPubKey(_ context.Context, _ *types.MsgRotateConsPubKey) (*types.MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, nil
+func (k msgServer) RotateConsPubKey(ctx context.Context, msg *types.MsgRotateConsPubKey) (res *types.MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, err error) {
+	cv := msg.NewPubkey.GetCachedValue()
+	pk, ok := cv.(cryptotypes.PubKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errorsmod.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidType, "expecting cryptotypes.PubKey, got %T", cv)
+	}
+
+	// check cons key is already present in the key rotation history.
+	rotatedTo, err := k.RotatedConsKeyMapIndex.Get(ctx, pk.Address())
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, collections.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if rotatedTo != nil {
+		return nil, errorsmod.Wrap(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidAddress,
+			"the new public key is already present in rotation history, please try with a different one")
+	}
+
+	newConsAddr := sdk.ConsAddress(pk.Address())
+
+	// checks if NewPubKey is not duplicated on ValidatorsByConsAddr
+	validator1, _ := k.Keeper.ValidatorByConsAddr(ctx, newConsAddr)
+	if validator1 != nil {
+		return nil, types.ErrConsensusPubKeyAlreadyUsedForValidator
+	}
+
+	valAddr, err := k.validatorAddressCodec.StringToBytes(msg.ValidatorAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	validator2, err := k.Keeper.GetValidator(ctx, valAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, types.ErrNoValidatorFound
+	}
+
+	if status := validator2.GetStatus(); status != types.Bonded {
+		return nil, errorsmod.Wrapf(sdkerrors.ErrInvalidType, "validator status is not bonded, got %s", status.String())
+	}
+
+	// Check if the validator is exceeding parameter MaxConsPubKeyRotations within the
+	// unbonding period by iterating ConsPubKeyRotationHistory.
+	err = k.exceedsMaxRotations(ctx, valAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Check if the signing account has enough balance to pay KeyRotationFee
+	// KeyRotationFees are sent to the community fund.
+	params, err := k.Params.Get(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = k.Keeper.bankKeeper.SendCoinsFromAccountToModule(ctx, sdk.AccAddress(valAddr), types.DistributionModuleName, sdk.NewCoins(params.KeyRotationFee))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Add ConsPubKeyRotationHistory for tracking rotation
+	err = k.setConsPubKeyRotationHistory(
+		ctx,
+		valAddr,
+		validator2.ConsensusPubkey,
+		msg.NewPubkey,
+		params.KeyRotationFee,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return res, nil
 }
diff --git a/x/staking/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go b/x/staking/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
index 22325b842a..658f6fa917 100644
--- a/x/staking/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
+++ b/x/staking/testutil/expected_keepers_mocks.go
@@ -227,6 +227,20 @@ func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) LockedCoins(ctx, addr interface{}) *gomock
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "LockedCoins", reflect.TypeOf((*MockBankKeeper)(nil).LockedCoins), ctx, addr)
 }
 
+// SendCoinsFromAccountToModule mocks base method.
+func (m *MockBankKeeper) SendCoinsFromAccountToModule(ctx context.Context, senderAddr types0.AccAddress, recipientModule string, amt types0.Coins) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SendCoinsFromAccountToModule", ctx, senderAddr, recipientModule, amt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SendCoinsFromAccountToModule indicates an expected call of SendCoinsFromAccountToModule.
+func (mr *MockBankKeeperMockRecorder) SendCoinsFromAccountToModule(ctx, senderAddr, recipientModule, amt interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SendCoinsFromAccountToModule", reflect.TypeOf((*MockBankKeeper)(nil).SendCoinsFromAccountToModule), ctx, senderAddr, recipientModule, amt)
+}
+
 // SendCoinsFromModuleToModule mocks base method.
 func (m *MockBankKeeper) SendCoinsFromModuleToModule(ctx context.Context, senderPool, recipientPool string, amt types0.Coins) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
diff --git a/x/staking/types/errors.go b/x/staking/types/errors.go
index 403d779c09..ee687ae2cd 100644
--- a/x/staking/types/errors.go
+++ b/x/staking/types/errors.go
@@ -47,4 +47,8 @@ var (
 	ErrInvalidSigner                   = errors.Register(ModuleName, 43, "expected authority account as only signer for proposal message")
 	ErrBadRedelegationSrc              = errors.Register(ModuleName, 44, "redelegation source validator not found")
 	ErrNoUnbondingType                 = errors.Register(ModuleName, 45, "unbonding type not found")
+
+	// consensus key errors
+	ErrConsensusPubKeyAlreadyUsedForValidator = errors.Register(ModuleName, 46, "consensus pubkey is already used for a validator")
+	ErrExceedingMaxConsPubKeyRotations        = errors.Register(ModuleName, 47, "exceeding maximum consensus pubkey rotations within unbonding period")
 )
diff --git a/x/staking/types/expected_keepers.go b/x/staking/types/expected_keepers.go
index e139db6f3f..f0e3df60c5 100644
--- a/x/staking/types/expected_keepers.go
+++ b/x/staking/types/expected_keepers.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type BankKeeper interface {
 
 	GetSupply(ctx context.Context, denom string) sdk.Coin
 
+	SendCoinsFromAccountToModule(ctx context.Context, senderAddr sdk.AccAddress, recipientModule string, amt sdk.Coins) error
 	SendCoinsFromModuleToModule(ctx context.Context, senderPool, recipientPool string, amt sdk.Coins) error
 	UndelegateCoinsFromModuleToAccount(ctx context.Context, senderModule string, recipientAddr sdk.AccAddress, amt sdk.Coins) error
 	DelegateCoinsFromAccountToModule(ctx context.Context, senderAddr sdk.AccAddress, recipientModule string, amt sdk.Coins) error
diff --git a/x/staking/types/keys.go b/x/staking/types/keys.go
index 1c8c27964e..b7d99c9db2 100644
--- a/x/staking/types/keys.go
+++ b/x/staking/types/keys.go
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ const (
 
 	// GovModuleName is the name of the gov module
 	GovModuleName = "gov"
+
+	// distributionModuleName duplicates the distribution module's name to avoid a cyclic dependency with x/distribution.
+	// It should be synced with the distribution module's name if it is ever changed.
+	// See: https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/912390d5fc4a32113ea1aacc98b77b2649aea4c2/x/distribution/types/keys.go#L15
+	DistributionModuleName = "distribution"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -58,6 +63,12 @@ var (
 	ParamsKey = collections.NewPrefix(81) // prefix for parameters for module x/staking
 
 	DelegationByValIndexKey = collections.NewPrefix(113) // key for delegations by a validator
+
+	ValidatorConsPubKeyRotationHistoryKey       = collections.NewPrefix(101) // prefix for consPubkey rotation history by validator
+	BlockConsPubKeyRotationHistoryKey           = collections.NewPrefix(102) // prefix for consPubkey rotation history by height
+	ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordQueueKey = collections.NewPrefix(103) // this key is used to set the unbonding period time on each rotation
+	ValidatorConsensusKeyRotationRecordIndexKey = collections.NewPrefix(104) // this key is used to restrict the validator next rotation within waiting (unbonding) period
+	RotatedConsKeyMapIndex                      = collections.NewPrefix(105) // prefix for rotated cons address to new cons address
 )
 
 // UnbondingType defines the type of unbonding operation
diff --git a/x/staking/types/staking.pb.go b/x/staking/types/staking.pb.go
index 13f53debac..58148c0206 100644
--- a/x/staking/types/staking.pb.go
+++ b/x/staking/types/staking.pb.go
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ func (m *ValidatorUpdates) GetUpdates() []types3.ValidatorUpdate {
 // ConsPubKeyRotationHistory contains a validator's consensus public key rotation history.
 type ConsPubKeyRotationHistory struct {
 	// operator_address defines the address of the validator's operator; bech encoded in JSON.
-	OperatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=operator_address,json=operatorAddress,proto3" json:"operator_address,omitempty"`
+	OperatorAddress []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=operator_address,json=operatorAddress,proto3" json:"operator_address,omitempty"`
 	// old_cons_pubkey is the old consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
 	OldConsPubkey *types1.Any `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=old_cons_pubkey,json=oldConsPubkey,proto3" json:"old_cons_pubkey,omitempty"`
 	// new_cons_pubkey is the new consensus public key of the validator, as a Protobuf Any.
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ var xxx_messageInfo_ConsPubKeyRotationHistory proto.InternalMessageInfo
 // ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys contains the array of validator addresses which rotated their keys
 // This is to block the validator's next rotation till unbonding period.
 type ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys struct {
-	Addresses []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=addresses,proto3" json:"addresses,omitempty"`
+	Addresses [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=addresses,proto3" json:"addresses,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Reset()         { *m = ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys{} }
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
 
 var xxx_messageInfo_ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) GetAddresses() []string {
+func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) GetAddresses() [][]byte {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.Addresses
 	}
@@ -1448,137 +1448,138 @@ func init() {
 }
 
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+	0x7b, 0x23, 0xd8, 0x21, 0xba, 0x32, 0x61, 0xd4, 0x94, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x28, 0x6d, 0x43, 0x46, 0xdc,
+	0xac, 0xa6, 0x43, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x9e, 0x34, 0xe7, 0x74, 0x2d, 0x25, 0xd1, 0x0e, 0x19, 0x0a, 0x5c,
+	0x4a, 0xee, 0x8d, 0xe0, 0xc6, 0x4f, 0x86, 0x4b, 0xc9, 0xbd, 0x08, 0xee, 0x39, 0x48, 0xaa, 0x67,
+	0x55, 0x42, 0x3e, 0x1a, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0xdd, 0x84, 0xb8, 0xa8, 0x82, 0xa7, 0x8e, 0x51, 0x37, 0x04,
+	0x43, 0xe4, 0x36, 0x6b, 0xc0, 0xa2, 0x1a, 0x10, 0xb0, 0xf5, 0x96, 0xb4, 0x28, 0x91, 0x0a, 0xbd,
+	0x45, 0x86, 0x07, 0x4c, 0x0b, 0xd2, 0x47, 0x9a, 0x16, 0x5c, 0xfd, 0x9d, 0x06, 0x10, 0xce, 0xc5,
+	0xd0, 0x97, 0xe1, 0x7c, 0x65, 0x7d, 0xad, 0x6a, 0x34, 0x36, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x35, 0x8c, 0xad,
+	0xb5, 0xc6, 0x46, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0x5e, 0xab, 0x66, 0xa7, 0xf2, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x07, 0xc5,
+	0xd4, 0x16, 0x65, 0x7d, 0x62, 0xda, 0x2d, 0x9b, 0x58, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0x70, 0x66, 0x94, 0x5a, 0xac,
+	0x6a, 0xd5, 0xac, 0x96, 0x4f, 0xef, 0x3e, 0x28, 0xce, 0x78, 0xad, 0x01, 0xb1, 0xd0, 0x65, 0x38,
+	0x3b, 0x4e, 0x57, 0x5f, 0x7b, 0x23, 0x1b, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0xed, 0x3e, 0x28, 0xce, 0x06, 0x3d, 0x04,
+	0x2a, 0x01, 0x8a, 0x52, 0x2a, 0xbc, 0x78, 0x1e, 0x76, 0x1f, 0x14, 0x93, 0x5e, 0xb6, 0xe4, 0x13,
+	0xef, 0xfd, 0x66, 0x69, 0xea, 0xea, 0x0f, 0x01, 0xea, 0xb4, 0xe5, 0x62, 0x53, 0x56, 0x85, 0x3c,
+	0x9c, 0xab, 0xaf, 0xdd, 0xd6, 0x6f, 0xad, 0x6e, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd7, 0x46, 0xc5, 0xde, 0x77, 0x56,
+	0x5d, 0xdf, 0xaa, 0xbc, 0x5d, 0x33, 0x1a, 0xf5, 0x37, 0xd6, 0xb2, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0x0f, 0xa7, 0x47,
+	0xce, 0xbe, 0xb3, 0xb6, 0x59, 0x7f, 0xa7, 0x96, 0x8d, 0x55, 0x6e, 0x7e, 0xfc, 0x74, 0x49, 0x7b,
+	0xfc, 0x74, 0x49, 0xfb, 0xfb, 0xd3, 0x25, 0xed, 0x83, 0x67, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x8f, 0x9f, 0x2d, 0x4d,
+	0xfd, 0xf9, 0xd9, 0xd2, 0xd4, 0xf7, 0x5e, 0x19, 0xc9, 0xc3, 0xf0, 0x26, 0x92, 0xff, 0xcc, 0x68,
+	0x26, 0x65, 0xd4, 0x7c, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x51, 0xe0, 0x99, 0x08, 0x44,
+	0x1a, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 func (this *Pool) Description() (desc *github_com_cosmos_gogoproto_protoc_gen_gogo_descriptor.FileDescriptorSet) {
@@ -1587,7 +1588,7 @@ func (this *Pool) Description() (desc *github_com_cosmos_gogoproto_protoc_gen_go
 func StakingDescription() (desc *github_com_cosmos_gogoproto_protoc_gen_gogo_descriptor.FileDescriptorSet) {
 	d := &github_com_cosmos_gogoproto_protoc_gen_gogo_descriptor.FileDescriptorSet{}
 	var gzipped = []byte{
-		// 11497 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorSet
+		// 11501 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorSet
 		0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xec, 0xbd, 0x6b, 0x94, 0x1c, 0xc7,
 		0x75, 0x1f, 0xbe, 0x3d, 0xef, 0xb9, 0xf3, 0xea, 0xad, 0x5d, 0x00, 0x83, 0x01, 0x89, 0x5d, 0x36,
 		0x45, 0x12, 0x04, 0xc9, 0x05, 0x09, 0x12, 0x20, 0xb9, 0x90, 0xc4, 0xff, 0xcc, 0xec, 0x00, 0x3b,
@@ -2291,22 +2292,22 @@ func StakingDescription() (desc *github_com_cosmos_gogoproto_protoc_gen_gogo_des
 		0x3b, 0x81, 0x72, 0xd8, 0x1b, 0xd1, 0x7f, 0x4c, 0x7a, 0xee, 0x26, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x06, 0xcf, 0x2f,
 		0xd5, 0x20, 0x29, 0xce, 0x2b, 0x49, 0x53, 0x1e, 0x85, 0x0a, 0x8a, 0x93, 0xf3, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x89,
 		0xc0, 0xe9, 0xaa, 0x6d, 0x39, 0x3c, 0x98, 0xc3, 0x07, 0x34, 0x0b, 0xc1, 0x1e, 0xa2, 0xc7, 0xc7,
-		0x85, 0x9a, 0x86, 0x03, 0x4a, 0x37, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x66, 0x56, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xbe, 0xca, 0x78, 0x52,
-		0xce, 0x6e, 0xb7, 0x78, 0x8d, 0x6e, 0xe1, 0x43, 0x82, 0x6b, 0xe1, 0x3b, 0x21, 0xdc, 0xe8, 0xfd,
-		0xe1, 0x5a, 0xf8, 0x4e, 0x00, 0xd7, 0xdf, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0x85, 0xb6, 0xca, 0x2f, 0x43, 0x94, 0x58,
-		0xc1, 0xf8, 0x31, 0xec, 0x06, 0x61, 0x08, 0xcc, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x38, 0xcd, 0x03, 0x04, 0xce, 0xe6,
-		0x2e, 0x95, 0x28, 0xa6, 0x0d, 0x7a, 0x19, 0x1f, 0xde, 0x77, 0xb4, 0xe0, 0xfc, 0xcf, 0x4b, 0x00,
-		0x7e, 0x5c, 0x0c, 0x3d, 0x09, 0xa7, 0x2a, 0x9b, 0x1b, 0x2b, 0x5a, 0xa3, 0x59, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x37,
-		0xc2, 0x7f, 0x32, 0x46, 0x3c, 0x82, 0xe5, 0x74, 0xb1, 0x61, 0xee, 0x9a, 0xb8, 0x85, 0x1e, 0x85,
-		0xf9, 0x30, 0x35, 0xf9, 0xaa, 0xad, 0xc8, 0x52, 0x29, 0x7b, 0xf7, 0xde, 0x62, 0x8a, 0x2d, 0x0d,
-		0x70, 0x0b, 0x9d, 0x83, 0x13, 0xc3, 0x74, 0xf5, 0x8d, 0x6b, 0x72, 0xa4, 0x94, 0xbb, 0x7b, 0x6f,
-		0x31, 0xed, 0xad, 0x21, 0x90, 0x02, 0x28, 0x48, 0xc9, 0xf1, 0xa2, 0x25, 0xb8, 0x7b, 0x6f, 0x31,
-		0xc1, 0x46, 0x4b, 0x29, 0xf6, 0xc1, 0x1f, 0x3b, 0x3b, 0x73, 0xfe, 0x9b, 0x00, 0xea, 0xd6, 0x6e,
-		0x4f, 0x37, 0xa8, 0x55, 0x28, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xc6, 0x55, 0xb5, 0x5c, 0x6d, 0xd6, 0x37, 0x37,
-		0x06, 0xfe, 0xd2, 0x4d, 0x38, 0x6f, 0x65, 0x73, 0xbb, 0xb2, 0x56, 0xd3, 0x1a, 0xf5, 0x6b, 0x1b,
-		0x6c, 0xc7, 0x3f, 0x94, 0xf7, 0x9e, 0x8d, 0x66, 0x7d, 0xbd, 0x26, 0x47, 0x2a, 0x97, 0xc7, 0xee,
-		0x28, 0x3d, 0x10, 0x1a, 0x87, 0xfe, 0x4c, 0x14, 0xda, 0x46, 0xfa, 0x3f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
-		0xff, 0xdf, 0x19, 0x56, 0xfb, 0x2d, 0xa5, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x84, 0x9a, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0x01, 0xa5, 0x1b, 0x50, 0x20, 0x33, 0xab, 0x61, 0x5b, 0x5f, 0x65, 0x3c,
+		0x29, 0x67, 0xb7, 0x5b, 0xbc, 0x46, 0xb7, 0xf0, 0x21, 0xc1, 0xb5, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x10, 0x6e, 0xf4,
+		0xfe, 0x70, 0x2d, 0x7c, 0x27, 0x80, 0xeb, 0x6f, 0x95, 0xc7, 0x42, 0x5b, 0xe5, 0x97, 0x21, 0x4a,
+		0xac, 0x60, 0xfc, 0x18, 0x76, 0x83, 0x30, 0x04, 0x66, 0xb3, 0x06, 0x9c, 0xe6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x67,
+		0x73, 0x97, 0x4a, 0x14, 0xd3, 0x06, 0xbd, 0x8c, 0x0f, 0x47, 0x44, 0x0b, 0xb2, 0x53, 0x45, 0x0b,
+		0xce, 0xff, 0xbc, 0x04, 0xe0, 0xc7, 0xc5, 0xd0, 0x93, 0x70, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0xb9, 0xb1, 0xa2, 0x35,
+		0x9a, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0x76, 0x23, 0xfc, 0x27, 0x63, 0xc4, 0x23, 0x58, 0x4e, 0x17, 0x1b, 0xe6, 0xae,
+		0x89, 0x5b, 0xe8, 0x51, 0x98, 0x0f, 0x53, 0x93, 0xaf, 0xda, 0x8a, 0x2c, 0x95, 0xb2, 0x77, 0xef,
+		0x2d, 0xa6, 0xd8, 0xd2, 0x00, 0xb7, 0xd0, 0x39, 0x38, 0x31, 0x4c, 0x57, 0xdf, 0xb8, 0x26, 0x47,
+		0x4a, 0xb9, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x16, 0xd3, 0xde, 0x1a, 0x02, 0x29, 0x80, 0x82, 0x94, 0x1c, 0x2f, 0x5a,
+		0x82, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x16, 0x13, 0x6c, 0xb4, 0x94, 0x62, 0x1f, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0xb3, 0x33, 0xe7, 0xbf,
+		0x09, 0xa0, 0x6e, 0xed, 0xf6, 0x74, 0x83, 0x5a, 0x85, 0x12, 0x9c, 0xac, 0x6f, 0x5c, 0x55, 0xcb,
+		0xd5, 0x66, 0x7d, 0x73, 0x63, 0xe0, 0x2f, 0xdd, 0x84, 0xf3, 0x56, 0x36, 0xb7, 0x2b, 0x6b, 0x35,
+		0xad, 0x51, 0xbf, 0xb6, 0xc1, 0x76, 0xfc, 0x43, 0x79, 0xef, 0xd9, 0x68, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0x6b, 0x72,
+		0xa4, 0x72, 0x79, 0xec, 0x8e, 0xd2, 0x03, 0xa1, 0x71, 0xe8, 0xcf, 0x44, 0xa1, 0x6d, 0xa4, 0xff,
+		0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xb6, 0x1a, 0x0c, 0x35, 0x2d, 0xa5, 0x00, 0x00,
 	}
 	r := bytes.NewReader(gzipped)
 	gzipr, err := compress_gzip.NewReader(r)
@@ -4326,8 +4327,8 @@ func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Size() (n int) {
 	var l int
 	_ = l
 	if len(m.Addresses) > 0 {
-		for _, s := range m.Addresses {
-			l = len(s)
+		for _, b := range m.Addresses {
+			l = len(b)
 			n += 1 + l + sovStaking(uint64(l))
 		}
 	}
@@ -7787,7 +7788,7 @@ func (m *ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if wireType != 2 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field OperatorAddress", wireType)
 			}
-			var stringLen uint64
+			var byteLen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowStaking
@@ -7797,23 +7798,25 @@ func (m *ConsPubKeyRotationHistory) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
+			if byteLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthStaking
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthStaking
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.OperatorAddress = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			m.OperatorAddress = append(m.OperatorAddress[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+			if m.OperatorAddress == nil {
+				m.OperatorAddress = []byte{}
+			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		case 2:
 			if wireType != 2 {
@@ -7993,7 +7996,7 @@ func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if wireType != 2 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Addresses", wireType)
 			}
-			var stringLen uint64
+			var byteLen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowStaking
@@ -8003,23 +8006,23 @@ func (m *ValAddrsOfRotatedConsKeys) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
+			if byteLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthStaking
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthStaking
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.Addresses = append(m.Addresses, string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]))
+			m.Addresses = append(m.Addresses, make([]byte, postIndex-iNdEx))
+			copy(m.Addresses[len(m.Addresses)-1], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
diff --git a/x/staking/types/tx.pb.go b/x/staking/types/tx.pb.go
index 6b889de689..55aa50e48b 100644
--- a/x/staking/types/tx.pb.go
+++ b/x/staking/types/tx.pb.go
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ type MsgClient interface {
 	UpdateParams(ctx context.Context, in *MsgUpdateParams, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error)
 	// RotateConsPubKey defines an operation for rotating the consensus keys
 	// of a validator.
-	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.48
+	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.51
 	RotateConsPubKey(ctx context.Context, in *MsgRotateConsPubKey, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, error)
 }
 
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ type MsgServer interface {
 	UpdateParams(context.Context, *MsgUpdateParams) (*MsgUpdateParamsResponse, error)
 	// RotateConsPubKey defines an operation for rotating the consensus keys
 	// of a validator.
-	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.48
+	// Since: cosmos-sdk 0.51
 	RotateConsPubKey(context.Context, *MsgRotateConsPubKey) (*MsgRotateConsPubKeyResponse, error)
 }