mag add changes

This commit is contained in:
MaghnusM 2023-08-16 19:14:19 -04:00
parent 48ac218773
commit 8bd3c76bea
5 changed files with 598 additions and 54 deletions

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Skip has built out a number of plug-and-play `lanes` on the SDK that your protocol can use, including in-protocol MEV recapture and Oracles! Additionally, the Block SDK can be extended to add **your own custom `lanes`** to configure your blocks to exactly fit your application needs.
### ❌ Problems: Blocks are not Customizable
Most Cosmos chains today utilize standard `CometBFT` block construction - which is too limited.
* The standard `CometBFT` block building is susceptible to MEV-related issues, such as front-running and sandwich attacks, since proposers have monopolistic rights on ordering and no verification of good behavior. MEV that is created cannot be redistributed to the protocol.
* The standard `CometBFT` block building uses a one-size-fits-all approach, which can result in inefficient transaction processing for specific applications or use cases and sub-optimal fee markets.
* Transactions tailored for specific applications may need custom prioritization, ordering or validation rules that the mempool is otherwise unaware of because transactions within a block are currently in-differentiable when a blockchain might want them to be.
### ✅ Solution: The Block SDK
You can think of the Block SDK as a **transaction `highway` system**, where each
`lane` on the highway serves a specific purpose and has its own set of rules and
traffic flow.
In the Block SDK, each lane has its own set of rules and transaction flow management systems.
* A lane is what we might traditionally consider to be a standard mempool
where transaction **_validation_**, **_ordering_** and **_prioritization_** for
contained transactions are shared.
* lanes implement a **standard interface** that allows each individual lane to
propose and validate a portion of a block.
* lanes are ordered with each other, configurable by developers. All lanes
together define the desired block structure of a chain.
### ✨ Block SDK Use Cases
A block with separate `lanes` can be used for:
1. **MEV mitigation**: a top of block lane could be designed to create an in-protocol top-of-block auction (as we are doing with the Block SDK) to recapture MEV in a transparent and governable way.
2. **Free/reduced fee txs**: transactions with certain properties (e.g. from trusted accounts or performing encouraged actions) could leverage a free lane to reward behavior.
3. **Dedicated oracle space** Oracles could be included before other kinds of transactions to ensure that price updates occur first, and are not able to be sandwiched or manipulated.
4. **Orderflow auctions**: an OFA lane could be constructed such that order flow providers can have their submitted transactions bundled with specific backrunners, to guarantee MEV rewards are attributed back to users. Imagine MEV-share but in protocol.
5. **Enhanced and customizable privacy**: privacy-enhancing features could be introduced, such as threshold encrypted lanes, to protect user data and maintain privacy for specific use cases.
6. **Fee market improvements**: one or many fee markets - such as EIP-1559 - could be easily adopted for different lanes (potentially custom for certain dApps). Each smart contract/exchange could have its own fee market or auction for transaction ordering.
7. **Congestion management**: segmentation of transactions to lanes can help mitigate network congestion by capping usage of certain applications and tailoring fee markets.
### 📚 Block SDK Documentation
#### Lane App Store
To read more about how the Block SDK works, check out the [How it Works](https://docs.skip.money/chains/overview).
#### Lane "App Store"
To read more about Skip's pre-built `lanes` and how to use them, check out the [Lane App Store](https://docs.skip.money/chains/lanes/existing-lanes/default).
#### How the Block SDK works
To read more about how the Block SDK works, check out the [How it Works](https://docs.skip.money/chains/how-it-works).
#### Lane Development
To read more about how to build your own custom `lanes`, check out the [Build Your Own Lane](https://docs.skip.money/chains/lanes/build-your-own-lane).

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mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20221223090309-7455f1af531d/go.mod h1:IeHQjmn6TOD+e4Z3RFiZMMsLVL+A96Nvptar8Fj71is=

View File

@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ $ go install github.com/skip-mev/block-sdk
1. First determine the set of lanes that you want to use in your application. The
available lanes can be found in our
[Lane App Store](https://docs.skip.money/chains/lanes/existing-lanes/default).
In your base application, you will need to create a `LanedMempool` composed of the
lanes you want to use.
2. Next, order the lanes by priority. The first lane is the highest priority lane
[Lane App Store](https://docs.skip.money/chains/lanes/existing-lanes/default). This guide
only sets up the `default lane`
2. In your base application, you will need to create a `LanedMempool` composed of the
`lanes` you want to use.
3. Next, order the lanes by priority. The first lane is the highest priority lane
and the last lane is the lowest priority lane. **It is recommended that the last
lane is the default lane.**
3. You will also need to create a `PrepareProposalHandler` and a
@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ lane is the default lane.**
proposals respectively. Configure the order of the lanes in the
`PrepareProposalHandler` and `ProcessProposalHandler` to match the order of the
lanes in the `LanedMempool`.
4. Configure your `app.go` to include the following:
```golang
import (

View File

@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
# 🏗️ Build-Your-Own Lane Setup
## 📦 Dependencies
The Block SDK is built on top of the Cosmos SDK. The Block SDK is currently
compatible with Cosmos SDK versions greater than or equal to `v0.47.0`.
## 📥 Installation
To install the Block SDK, run the following command:
```bash
$ go install github.com/skip-mev/block-sdk
```
## 🤔 How to use it [1 hour]
There are **five** required components to building a custom lane using the base lane:
1. `Mempool` - The lane's mempool is responsible for storing transactions that have been verified and are waiting to be included in proposals.
2. `MatchHandler` - This is responsible for determining whether a transaction should belong to this lane.
3. [**OPTIONAL**] `PrepareLaneHandler` - Allows developers to define their own handler to customize the how transactions are verified and ordered before they are included into a proposal.
4. [**OPTIONAL**] `CheckOrderHandler` - Allows developers to define their own handler that will run any custom checks on whether transactions included in block proposals are in the correct order (respecting the ordering rules of the lane and the ordering rules of the other lanes).
5. [**OPTIONAL**] `ProcessLaneHandler` - Allows developers to define their own handler for processing transactions that are included in block proposals.
6. `Configuration` - Configure high-level options for your lane.
### 1. 🗄️ Mempool
This is the data structure that is responsible for storing transactions as they are being verified and are waiting to be included in proposals. `block/base/mempool.go` provides an out-of-the-box implementation that should be used as a starting point for building out the mempool and should cover most use cases. To utilize the mempool, you must implement a `TxPriority[C]` struct that does the following:
- Implements a `GetTxPriority` method that returns the priority (as defined
by the type `[C]`) of a given transaction.
- Implements a `Compare` method that returns the relative priority of two
transactions. If the first transaction has a higher priority, the method
should return -1, if the second transaction has a higher priority the method
should return 1, otherwise the method should return 0.
- Implements a `MinValue` method that returns the minimum priority value
that a transaction can have.
The default implementation can be found in `block/base/mempool.go`.
:::info Scenario
What if we wanted to prioritize transactions by the amount they have staked on a chain?
:::
We could do the following:
```golang
// CustomTxPriority returns a TxPriority that prioritizes transactions by the
// amount they have staked on chain. This means that transactions with a higher
// amount staked will be prioritized over transactions with a lower amount staked.
func (p *CustomTxPriority) CustomTxPriority() TxPriority[string] {
return TxPriority[string]{
GetTxPriority: func(ctx context.Context, tx sdk.Tx) string {
// Get the signer of the transaction.
signer := p.getTransactionSigner(tx)
// Get the total amount staked by the signer on chain.
// This is abstracted away in the example, but you can
// implement this using the staking keeper.
totalStake, err := p.getTotalStake(ctx, signer)
if err != nil {
return ""
}
return totalStake.String()
},
Compare: func(a, b string) int {
aCoins, _ := sdk.ParseCoinsNormalized(a)
bCoins, _ := sdk.ParseCoinsNormalized(b)
switch {
case aCoins == nil && bCoins == nil:
return 0
case aCoins == nil:
return -1
case bCoins == nil:
return 1
default:
switch {
case aCoins.IsAllGT(bCoins):
return 1
case aCoins.IsAllLT(bCoins):
return -1
default:
return 0
}
}
},
MinValue: "",
}
}
```
#### Using a Custom TxPriority
To utilize this new priority configuration in a lane, all you have to then do is pass in the `TxPriority[C]` to the `NewMempool` function.
```golang
// Create the lane config
laneCfg := NewLaneConfig(
...
MaxTxs: 100,
...
)
// Pseudocode for creating the custom tx priority
priorityCfg := NewPriorityConfig(
stakingKeeper,
accountKeeper,
...
)
// define your mempool that orders transactions by on-chain stake
mempool := base.NewMempool[string](
priorityCfg.CustomTxPriority(), // pass in the custom tx priority
laneCfg.TxEncoder,
laneCfg.MaxTxs,
)
// Initialize your lane with the mempool
lane := base.NewBaseLane(
laneCfg,
LaneName,
mempool,
base.DefaultMatchHandler(),
)
```
### 2. 🤝 MatchHandler
`MatchHandler` is utilized to determine if a transaction should be included in the lane. **This function can be a stateless or stateful check on the transaction!** The default implementation can be found in `block/base/handlers.go`.
The match handler can be as custom as desired. Following the example above, if we wanted to make a lane that only accepts transactions if they have a large amount staked, we could do the following:
```golang
// CustomMatchHandler returns a custom implementation of the MatchHandler. It
// matches transactions that have a large amount staked. These transactions
// will then be charged no fees at execution time.
//
// NOTE: This is a stateful check on the transaction. The details of how to
// implement this are abstracted away in the example, but you can implement
// this using the staking keeper.
func (h *Handler) CustomMatchHandler() block.MatchHandler {
return func(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx) bool {
if !h.IsStakingTx(tx) {
return false
}
signer, err := getTxSigner(tx)
if err != nil {
return false
}
stakedAmount, err := h.GetStakedAmount(signer)
if err != nil {
return false
}
// The transaction can only be considered for inclusion if the amount
// staked is greater than some predetermined threshold.
return stakeAmount.GT(h.Threshold)
}
}
```
#### Using a Custom MatchHandler
If we wanted to create the lane using the custom match handler along with the custom mempool, we could do the following:
```golang
// Pseudocode for creating the custom match handler
handler := NewHandler(
stakingKeeper,
accountKeeper,
...
)
// define your mempool that orders transactions by on chain stake
mempool := base.NewMempool[string](
priorityCfg.CustomTxPriority(),
cfg.TxEncoder,
cfg.MaxTxs,
)
// Initialize your lane with the mempool
lane := base.NewBaseLane(
cfg,
LaneName,
mempool,
handler.CustomMatchHandler(),
)
```
### [OPTIONAL] Steps 3-5
The remaining steps walk through the process of creating custom block building/verification logic. The default implementation found in `block/base/handlers.go` should fit most use cases. Please reference that file for more details on the default implementation and whether it fits your use case.
Implementing custom block building/verification logic is a bit more involved than the previous steps and is a all or nothing approach. This means that if you implement any of the handlers, you must implement all of them in most cases. If you do not implement all of them, the lane may have unintended behavior.
### 3. 🛠️ PrepareLaneHandler
The `PrepareLaneHandler` is an optional field you can set on the base lane.
This handler is responsible for the transaction selection logic when a new proposal
is requested.
The handler should return the following for a given lane:
1. The transactions to be included in the block proposal.
2. The transactions to be removed from the lane's mempool.
3. An error if the lane is unable to prepare a block proposal.
```golang
// PrepareLaneHandler is responsible for preparing transactions to be included
// in the block from a given lane. Given a lane, this function should return
// the transactions to include in the block, the transactions that must be
// removed from the lane, and an error if one occurred.
PrepareLaneHandler func(ctx sdk.Context,proposal BlockProposal,maxTxBytes int64)
(txsToInclude [][]byte, txsToRemove []sdk.Tx, err error)
```
The default implementation is simple. It will continue to select transactions from its mempool under the following criteria:
1. The transactions is not already included in the block proposal.
2. The transaction is valid and passes the AnteHandler check.
3. The transaction is not too large to be included in the block.
If a more involved selection process is required, you can implement your own `PrepareLaneHandler` and and set it after creating the base lane.
```golang
// Pseudocode for creating the custom prepare lane handler
// This assumes that the CustomLane inherits from the base
// lane.
customLane := NewCustomLane(
cfg,
mempool,
handler.CustomMatchHandler(),
)
// Set the custom PrepareLaneHandler on the lane
customLane.SetPrepareLaneHandler(customlane.PrepareLaneHandler())
```
### 4. ✅ CheckOrderHandler
The `CheckOrderHandler` is an optional field you can set on the base lane. This handler is responsible for verifying the ordering of the transactions in the block proposal that belong to the lane.
```golang
// CheckOrderHandler is responsible for checking the order of transactions that
// belong to a given lane. This handler should be used to verify that the
// ordering of transactions passed into the function respect the ordering logic
// of the lane (if any transactions from the lane are included). This function
// should also ensure that transactions that belong to this lane are contiguous
// and do not have any transactions from other lanes in between them.
CheckOrderHandler func(ctx sdk.Context, txs []sdk.Tx) error
```
The default implementation is simple and utilizes the same `TxPriority` struct that the mempool uses to determine if transactions are in order. The criteria for determining if transactions are in order is as follows:
1. The transactions are in order according to the `TxPriority` struct. i.e. any two transactions (that match to the lane) `tx1` and `tx2` where `tx1` has a higher priority than `tx2` should be ordered before `tx2`.
2. The transactions are contiguous. i.e. there are no transactions from other lanes in between the transactions that belong to this lane. i.e. if `tx1` and `tx2` belong to the lane, there should be no transactions from other lanes in between `tx1` and `tx2`.
If a more involved ordering process is required, you can implement your own `CheckOrderHandler` and and set it after creating the base lane.
```golang
// Pseudocode for creating the custom check order handler
// This assumes that the CustomLane inherits from the base
// lane.
customLane := NewCustomLane(
cfg,
mempool,
handler.CustomMatchHandler(),
)
// Set the custom CheckOrderHandler on the lane
customLane.SetCheckOrderHandler(customlane.CheckOrderHandler())
```
### 5. 🆗 ProcessLaneHandler
The `ProcessLaneHandler` is an optional field you can set on the base lane. This handler is responsible for verifying the transactions in the block proposal that belong to the lane. This handler is executed after the `CheckOrderHandler` so the transactions passed into this function SHOULD already be in order respecting the ordering rules of the lane and respecting the ordering rules of mempool relative to the lanes it has. This means that if the first transaction does not belong to the lane, the remaining transactions should not belong to the lane either.
```golang
// ProcessLaneHandler is responsible for processing transactions that are
// included in a block and belong to a given lane. ProcessLaneHandler is
// executed after CheckOrderHandler so the transactions passed into this
// function SHOULD already be in order respecting the ordering rules of the
// lane and respecting the ordering rules of mempool relative to the lanes it has.
ProcessLaneHandler func(ctx sdk.Context, txs []sdk.Tx) ([]sdk.Tx, error)
```
Given the invarients above, the default implementation is simple. It will continue to verify transactions in the block proposal under the following criteria:
1. If a transaction matches to this lane, verify it and continue. If it is not valid, return an error.
2. If a transaction does not match to this lane, return the remaining transactions to the next lane to process.
Similar to the setup of handlers above, if a more involved verification process is required, you can implement your own `ProcessLaneHandler` and and set it after creating the base lane.
```golang
// Pseudocode for creating the custom check order handler
// This assumes that the CustomLane inherits from the base
// lane.
customLane := NewCustomLane(
cfg,
mempool,
handler.CustomMatchHandler(),
)
// Set the custom ProcessLaneHandler on the lane
customLane.SetProcessLaneHandler(customlane.ProcessLaneHandler())
```
### 6. 📝 Lane Configuration
Once you have created your custom lane, you can configure it in the application by doing the following:
1. Create a custom `LaneConfig` struct that defines the configuration of the lane.
2. Instantiate the lane with the custom `LaneConfig` struct alongside any other dependencies (mempool, match handler, etc.).
3. Instantiate a new `LanedMempool` with the custom lane.
4. Set the `LanedMempool` on the `BaseApp` instance.
5. Set up the proposal handlers of the Block SDK to use your lane.
6. That's it! You're done!
The lane config (`LaneConfig`) is a simple configuration object that defines the desired amount of block space the lane should utilize when building a proposal, an antehandler that is used to verify transactions as they are added/verified to/in a proposal, and more. By default, we recommend that user's pass in all of the base apps configurations (txDecoder, logger, etc.). A sample `LaneConfig` might look like the following:
```golang
config := block.LaneConfig{
Logger: app.Logger(),
TxDecoder: app.TxDecoder(),
TxEncoder: app.TxEncoder(),
AnteHandler: app.AnteHandler(),
MaxTxs: 0,
MaxBlockSpace: math.LegacyZeroDec(),
IgnoreList: []block.Lane{},
}
```
The three most important parameters to set are the `AnteHandler`, `MaxTxs`, and `MaxBlockSpace`.
#### **AnteHandler**
With the default implementation, the `AnteHandler` is responsible for verifying transactions as they are being considered for a new proposal or are being processed in a proposed block. We recommend user's utilize the same antehandler chain that is used in the base app. If developers want a certain `AnteDecorator` to be ignored if it qualifies for a given lane, they can do so by using the `NewIgnoreDecorator` defined in `block/utils/ante.go`.
For example, a free lane might want to ignore the `DeductFeeDecorator` so that its transactions are not charged any fees. Where ever the `AnteHandler` is defined, we could add the following to ignore the `DeductFeeDecorator`:
```golang
anteDecorators := []sdk.AnteDecorator{
ante.NewSetUpContextDecorator(),
...,
utils.NewIgnoreDecorator(
ante.NewDeductFeeDecorator(
options.BaseOptions.AccountKeeper,
options.BaseOptions.BankKeeper,
options.BaseOptions.FeegrantKeeper,
options.BaseOptions.TxFeeChecker,
),
options.FreeLane,
),
...,
}
```
Anytime a transaction that qualifies for the free lane is being processed, the `DeductFeeDecorator` will be ignored and no fees will be deducted!
#### **MaxTxs**
This sets the maximum number of transactions allowed in the mempool with the semantics:
- if `MaxTxs` == 0, there is no cap on the number of transactions in the mempool
- if `MaxTxs` > 0, the mempool will cap the number of transactions it stores, and will prioritize transactions by their priority and sender-nonce (sequence number) when evicting transactions.
- if `MaxTxs` < 0, `Insert` is a no-op.
#### **MaxBlockSpace**
MaxBlockSpace is the maximum amount of block space that the lane will attempt to fill when building a proposal. This parameter may be useful lanes that should be limited (such as a free or onboarding lane) in space usage. Setting this to 0 will allow the lane to fill the block with as many transactions as possible.
If a block proposal request has a `MaxTxBytes` of 1000 and the lane has a `MaxBlockSpace` of 0.5, the lane will attempt to fill the block with 500 bytes.
#### **[OPTIONAL] IgnoreList**
`IgnoreList` defines the list of lanes to ignore when processing transactions. For example, say there are two lanes: default and free. The free lane is processed after the default lane. In this case, the free lane should be added to the ignore list of the default lane. Otherwise, the transactions that belong to the free lane will be processed by the default lane (which accepts all transactions by default).

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@ -15,20 +15,15 @@ $ go install github.com/skip-mev/block-sdk
## 📚 Usage
1. First determine the set of lanes that you want to use in your application. The
available lanes can be found in our
[Lane App Store](https://docs.skip.money/chains/lanes/existing-lanes/default).
In your base application, you will need to create a `LanedMempool` composed of the
lanes you want to use. *The MEV lane should not exist on its own. At minimum, it
is recommended that the MEV lane is paired with the default lane.*
1. This guide assumes you have already set up the [Block SDK (and the default lane)](https://docs.skip.money/chains/overview)
2. You will need to instantiate the `x/builder` module into your application. This
module is responsible for processing auction transactions and distributing revenue
to the auction house. The `x/builder` module is also responsible for ensuring the
validity of auction transactions. *The `x/builder` module should not exist on its
own. **This is the most intensive part of the set up process.**
3. Next, order the lanes by priority. The first lane is the highest priority lane
3. Next, add the MEV lane into the `lane` object on your `app.go`. The first lane is the highest priority lane
and the last lane is the lowest priority lane. Since the MEV lane is meant to auction
off the top of the block, it should be the highest priority lane. The default lane
off the top of the block, **it should be the highest priority lane**. The default lane
should follow.
4. You will also need to create a `PrepareProposalHandler` and a
`ProcessProposalHandler` that will be responsible for preparing and processing